Some historians interpret the Roaring 20s as creating a template for modern culture. Some of its cultural forms like mass production, jazz, and skyscrapers, are still with us today. To some extent contemporary Canadian notions about gender, consumption, leisure, pleasure, and the convenience of technology resonate with the modernist movement of the 1920s. To what extent were the flappers of the Roaring 20s ‘feminists’ challenging established gender mores and developing a more modern notion of femininity? Or were the flappers really rebels that pushed a superficial form of gender liberation that proved self destructive?