Biol 113 Fall 2015Assignment: Midterm-1-2015F1.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe three major domains of life arearchaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.plants, animals, and protists.eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and animals.eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and fungi.bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotes.2.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsOrganic moleculesalways contain hydrogen.are always food molecules.are found only in organisms, hence their name.always contain carbon.always contain carbon and hydrogen.3.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm?lysosomechromosomesnucleusmitochondriachloroplast4.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe nucleoluscontains DNA and is found in the cytoplasm.contains RNA and is found in the nucleus.contains DNA and is found in the nucleus.contains ribosome subunits and is found in the cytoplasm.contains RNA and is found in the cytoplasm.5.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsSome students consume large amounts of coffee and so-called energy drinks to help them stay alert when studying. You notice that many who engage in this practice seem to do poorly on exams. Suppose you want to investigate the relationship between caffeine consumption and exam performance. Which of the following statements would be an appropriate hypothesis?Students who consume large amounts of caffeine while studying will have lower exam scores than those who consume less caffeine.Many students consume large amounts of caffeine while studying.Caffeine increases alertness but also increases anxiety.One should avoid consuming too much caffeine while studying.Too much caffeine is harmful to your health.6.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhen a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termedpinocytosis.facilitated diffusion.active transport.osmosis.diffusion.7.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of the following is a prokaryotic cell?plant cellbacteriumliver cellmuscle cellparamecium8.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsBoth plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they bothhave a large central vacuole.need ATP for energy.have lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes.carry on photosynthesis.have endoplasmic reticulum.9.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsTwo molecules of glucose combine to form a disaccharide molecule during a(n) ________ reaction.hydrolysisionic bondhydrogen bondinertdehydration10.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of the following types of lipid is the most abundant constituent of cell membranes?phospholipidfatneutral fattriglyceridecholesterol11.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsCompared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cellhas no method of movement.lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.is larger.does not require energy.is not living.12.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe backbone of a nucleic acid strand is composed ofglycerol.alternating pentose sugars and phosphate groups.”R” groups.nitrogenous bases.alternating adenines and thymines.13.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich nutrient source is the easiest one for humans to breakdown and form ATP?glucosechitincelluloseproteinphospholipids14.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsRibosomes are composed ofonly protein.RNA and protein.DNA and protein.DNA and RNA.only DNA.15.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsDNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is becausesugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures.sugars and lipids code for their own replication.other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids.only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions.proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells.16.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe final shape of a protein is very important to its function. When proteins undergo an irreversible change in shape called ________________ they ________________ perform their usual functions.dehydration reaction/cannotnaturation/cannaturation/cannotdenaturation/candenaturation/cannot17.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, scientific theoryconclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, scientific theoryscientific theory, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observationhypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, scientific theoryobservation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory18.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of these is present in plant, but not animal, cells?cell membranecentriolesGolgi apparatusnucleuschloroplasts19.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsHemoglobin is a protein composed of two pairs of polypeptide chains. What is the highest level of protein structure represented in hemoglobin?moleculartertiaryquaternarysecondaryprimary20.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsMitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner filled space is called the matrix which contains ______________ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing _______________ to be used for ATP production.enzymes/energyDNA/energyRNA/energyribosomes/carbon dioxide21.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsMacrophages, a type of white blood cells, are able to remove bacteria from our bloodstream and tissues byosmosis.passive transport.phagocytosis.facilitated diffusion.pinocytosis.22.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe ____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells.mitochondriachloroplastlysosomesvacuoleperoxisomes23.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsAll carbohydrate moleculesare organic acids.are composed of atoms of C, H, and the functional group -OH.contain nitrogen and phosphate.contain amino acids.are composed of atoms of C, H, O, and N.24.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhen a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,protein synthesis begins.they both return to the Golgi apparatus.they both disappear.its contents are digested.division begins.25.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsIf a new anti-cancer drug is found effective in initial tests with mice, what do researchers conclude?The drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be tested in humans.The effect of the drug on mice has no bearing on the effect of the drug on humans.The mice have provided a positive control in this experiment that proves the drug is effective in humans.If the drug was effective in a small proportion of mice, it will be effective in a small proportion of humans.If the drug was effective in a large number of mice, it will therefore be effective in humans.26.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsCertain individuals with a Y chromosome develop into females because testosterone is not able to induce the formation of male sexual characteristics. This is most likely due to a defect inthe receptorthe Y chromosomethe transduction pathwaythe signaling moleculethe target protein27.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich statement concerning reproduction is false?The offspring of asexual organisms have the same genes as the single parent.Hereditary information is passed on to the next generation.The offspring of sexual organisms have roughly one half of the genes from each parent.Hereditary information is in the form of genes.The offspring of multicellular organisms tend to be identical to the parent.28.Award: 0 out of 2.00 pointsCarrier molecules are required forfacilitated diffusion.osmosis.both facilitated diffusion AND active transport.active transport.both osmosis AND diffusion.29.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsIf a cell lacked ribosomes, it would NOT be able toform a spindle apparatus.synthesize proteins.form a Golgi vesicle.hydrolyze fat.respire.30.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of these combinations would be found in a nucleotide?DNA-RNA-nucleussugar-protein-fatbase-sugar-phosphateadenine-thymine-uracilbase-acid-salt31.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich function does the lipid bilayer component of the plasma membrane NOT provide for the cell?provides a fluid and flexible boundary that insulates the interior from the variations in humidity, food, and other external conditionsprovides a matrix for the placement of proteins that regulate the exchange of molecules between the inside and outside of the cellcontrols the exchange of molecules between one cell and adjacent cells or the environmentdefines a permeable boundary between the organized interior and the chaotic external environmentprovides an impermeable, self-sealing membrane that keeps all internal living processes sealed inside32.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsYou are conducting an experiment to determine what concentration of disinfectant is most effective in killing bacteria. In this example, the concentration of disinfectant would represent theresponse variable.hypothesis.control.data.experimental variable.33.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsEnzymes are organic compounds classified ascarbohydrates.proteins.nucleic acids.lipids.steroids.34.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsAccording to cell theorynew cells arise only from preexisting cells.a multicellular organism is composed of many cells.the smallest unit of life is a nucleus.all organisms are composed of tissues.animals but not plants are composed of cells.35.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsA researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be?eukaryotic, animaleukaryotic, fungieukaryotic, plantprokaryotic, bacteriaprokaryotic, archaea36.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich statement is false regarding science?Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement.Science helps us to understand the natural world.Information is gained by observing and testing.Information is gathered by scientific methods.Science strives to be objective rather than subjective.37.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of the following factors could cause the cell membrane to become less permeable?If the channel proteins were to denature and become inactive. If the size of the protein channel was to increase.If the molecules trying to enter the cell were decreased in size.If the hydrophilic head of the phospholipids were to become hydrophobic while the hydrophobic tails become hydrophilic.All of these choices would cause the cell membrane to become less permeable.38.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhat type of bond will connect the amino acids in a protein? triple covalentpolar covalentionicdouble covalentpeptide39.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich sequence correctly lists the different levels of biological organization, from the smallest and simplest to the largest and most complex?cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organismstissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organismcells-organs-tissues-organ systems-organismtissues-organs-organ systems-organisms-cellscells-tissues-organ systems-organs-organism40.Award: 2 out of 2.00 points____ is a polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls and accounts for their strength.StarchCelluloseGlycogenChitinCholesterol41.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe primary function of carbohydrates isto transport molecules across cell membranes.encoding the hereditary information.to speed chemical reactions in cells.quick fuel and short-term energy storage.structural reinforcement of plant and fungal cell walls.42.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsAccording to the fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure,proteins float inside or within the phospholipid bilayer.glycolipids form a mosaic pattern inside the cell. only lipids are found in the membrane.cholesterol is the main constituent of the membrane.proteins make up the bulk of the membrane.43.Award: 0 out of 2.00 pointsDuring photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. The process is represented by:carbohydrate + carbon dioxide ? oxygen + water + energycarbohydrate + oxygen ? carbon dioxide + water + energysolar energy + carbon dioxide + water ? carbohydrate + oxygensolar energy + oxygen + water ? carbohydrate + oxygensolar energy ? carbohydrate + oxygen44.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsIf a cell lacks ATP, which of the following processes would cease to operate immediately?osmosisdiffusionfacilitated diffusiontonicitysodium/potassium pump45.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?Golgi apparatusmitochondrialysosomesribosomeschloroplasts46.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of the following molecules add stiffness and strength to the plasma membrane?glycoproteinsenzymatic proteinsphosphate groupsphospholipidscholesterol47.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich of the following refers to materials only leaving the cell?exocytosisphagocytosispinocytosisdiffusionendocytosis48.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsWhich nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material?nucleoplasmchromatinchloroplastsnuclear envelopemitochondria49.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe number of mitochondria in a cell would be a general indicator of the extent ofosmosis.facilitated transport.both osmosis and diffusion.active transport.diffusion.50.Award: 2 out of 2.00 pointsThe bones in a bird are hollow, reducing its weight for flight. This is an example of which characteristic of life?Living things are homeostatic.Living things reproduce.Living things acquire materials and energy from the environment.Living things grow and develop.Living things are adapted.

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