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Important Guidelines for Term Papers:
1. The paper must be typed and double-spaced.
2. The paper must be NO LESS THAN EIGHT (8) PAGES AND NO MORE THAN TEN (10) PAGES IN LENGTH.
3. All papers are due on the assigned date. For each day late, a letter grade will be deducted from the paper. THERE WILL BE NO PAPER DEADLINE EXTENSIONS. AFTER FIVE LATE DAYS, THE PAPER WILL NOT
BE ACCEPTED.
4. The papers must be free of grammatical and spelling errors.

 

MAJOR THEME TO ADDRESS: CHANGE OVER TIME
Whatever topic you choose to research and write on, you must address the theme of CHANGE OVER TIME throughout the paper. Here are the four major areas you MUST incorporate into your paper:
1. Historical Context (when change started)
2. Description of Change (what changed?)
3. Analysis of Change (why did change happen?)
4. Impact of Change (why did change matter?)

HOW TO WRITE A HISTORY TERM PAPER:

*Choose Your Topic:
The topic you choose for your paper must be specific enough to thoroughly discuss in an eight to ten page paper. Broad topics, like the Cherokee Indians, Cherokee beliefs, Indian Removal, Native Americans in the Civil War, Native Americans during the Revolutionary War, the Seminole War, and so forth, are much too large for a paper of this size. The topic must be more specific. In other words, you could do some aspect of the Native Americans during the Revolution, some aspect of Native Americans during the Civil War, and so forth. Think narrowly and specific. Also, think about whether or not you can get your hands on a suitable number of sources during the semester. Appropriate topics could include (among a million others) a short biography, some event, the impacts of some piece of legislation, or some specific conflict. These ideas are just starters. The topics are virtually limitless. You have to brainstorm. But, make sure that your topic is HISTORY.
For this paper, I would like to steer away from topics that have been just hounded to death. For example, Cherokee removal is old news. Aim for something unique.

*Research Paper Topics:
Each student will turn in a one-page proposal (typed, double-spaced, error free) of their research project for this class. The professor will weigh the value of the proposed project for the paper assignment and either give it his blessing or help the student find another, more acceptable project. After students get their project accepted, they should immediately begin work on their research.

*Cover Page:
Each paper should contain a cover page. The cover page information should contain, centered somewhere in the middle of the page, the name of the author of the paper, the date, the title of the work, and the name of the professor and class for which it was turned in. Nothing else should appear on the cover page. The cover page does not count toward the pagination of the paper.

*Sources:
For this paper, you are required to use a minimum of TEN sources. The papers may contain more than ten sources should the student desire.
Good sources to use in these papers are books written by historians, which you can find in any library. Journal articles, newspapers or newspaper accounts (on microfilm), letters, diaries, published memoirs, personal accounts, or other such works are entirely acceptable. Places where you also obtain raw data counts as sources. Your paper should contain a good mix of secondary sources (those written by historians) and primary sources (diaries, letters, accounts from the time period your paper covers, and/or data and statistics from the time period your paper covers). BEWARE OF USING COMPUTER SITES AS SOURCES IN YOUR PAPER, ESPECIALLY PLACES LIKE WIKIPEDIA. Many computer sites are not genuine and they do not contain correct information.

YOU MUST INCORPORATE AT LEAST THREE PRIMARY SOURCES IN YOUR TERM PAPER.

 

*Bibliography:
Papers must contain a bibliography, to be located at the end of the work on a separate page entitled, “Selected Bibliography.” Bibliography entries are single-spaced. The area between all bibliography entries is double-spaced. The bibliography page must be numbered consecutively with the other pages of the work, but it DOES NOT COUNT for the 8-10 pages of the required text.
Bibliographies are ordered by alphabetization of the last name of the author. They contain important information, such as the author(s), the name of the book, the city where it was published, the publisher, and the date of publication. For articles include the page numbers.
Example for a book: Ouzts, Clay. Conducting Redneck Tours Through Georgia. Redneck Press: Elberton, Georgia. 2005.
Example for an article: Ouzts, Clay. “Conducting Redneck Tours Through Georgia,”
Georgia Journal of Redneck Archaeology, (Vol. 3, No. 4), 2000, 134-153.
Example for a newspaper citing: Oglethorpe Echo, “Ouzts’ Redneck Tour the Big
New Thing at UNG,” April 17, 2005, A-2.

*Plagiarism:
Plagiarism is claiming someone else’s written work as your own. Thus, all quotes, ideas, figures, or conclusions used in your paper that are not the result of your own research should be documented. If proper documentation is not given the paper, then you have committed plagiarism, since you are claiming the ideas as your own. This is a serious offense in college and in academia. It is a written form of cheating. You MUST give others credit for their quotes, ideas, and conclusions. You cannot copy some else’s work and claim it as your own. IF YOUR ARE CAUGHT PLAGIARIZING ON THIS TERM PAPER YOU WILL IMMEDIATELY FAIL THE COURSE, WITHOUT RESERVATION!

 

*Endnotes and Footnotes:
Since you must document your quotes and sources, you must either use footnotes (at the bottom of each page corresponding with a number in the text) or endnotes (at the end of the paper, before the bibliography, corresponding with a number in the text).
It does not matter to me whether you choose to use endnotes or footnotes, but you must use one or the other. You must be consistent. You cannot use both. Should you use endnotes, the endnote page is titled and centered at the top, “Endnotes,” and it is numbered consecutively with the text (at the bottom of the page where subtitle “Endnotes” appears, and in the upper right corner for following endnote pages). Endnotes and footnotes are single-spaced. They have double spaces between each endnote or footnote entry. The endnotes page DOES NOT count as part of the 8-10 page requirement for the text.
An endnote and footnote contain the same information as the bibliography, but in a different format. Thus, a typical endnote or footnote will look like this for the first time that a work is cited:
Clay Ouzts, Redneck Tours in Georgia, (Elberton, Georgia: Redneck Press, 1997), 44-45.

 

Use short titles after you have cited a work in its entirety for the first time. When citing the above book again, it should look like this:

Ouzts, Redneck Tours, 23.

Ibid. should be used for consecutive citations from the same source. For example, you have a footnote/endnote that looks like this:

Ouzts, Redneck Tours, 14.

If your next citation is from the same source, do this:

Ibid., 67-69.

BEWARE! Several “ibid” citations in a row does not constitute good writing skills. Mix up your sources to make your paper “flow.”
If you have used several sources in a paragraph, it is recommended that you use only one footnote or endnote at the end of the paragraph and include all of your citations there, UNLESS YOU HAVE USED A QUOTE OR CITED NUMBERS OR STATISTICS. All quotes and numerical information must be immediately documented.
More than one source can be cited in a footnote/endnote.

Footnotes/endnotes are numbered consecutively throughout the paper. Thus, you start with footnote #1, and then continue numbering consecutively until the end of the paper. Only one footnote/endnote can be designated as note #1. Only one footnote/endnote can be designated as note #2. Only one footnote/endnote can be designated as note #3 (and so forth until you reach the end of your paper).

*Citations:
Historians use Kate Turabian (Chicago Style) citations in their work. This is the preferred citation format. Students majoring in history may want to purchase the latest edition of the Chicago Style guidelines.
APA style is also acceptable.
You can only use one style of citation. You cannot mix and match. Pick one and stay with it for the entire paper.

 

*Pagination:
Each page should be numbered and accounted for, except for the title page. Do not number the title page.
Place page numbers at the top right of each page. On pages with major headings, such as the first page and the bibliography page, place the page number at the bottom center. Be sure to put the page number on the first page at the bottom-center.
The word “page” or letter “p” never appears in the pagination. The word “page” or “p” does not appear on footnotes or endnotes either.
Also, do not put your name on every page. Your name appears on the cover page only. The cover page is not numbered nor does it count as a page in the term paper.

*Paragraphs:
On average, there should be two paragraphs per page. You should avoid excessively long paragraphs — this is a rule of good writing. You should also avoid excessively short paragraphs of one sentence, or of two or three lines. A paragraph never consists of one sentence, or two or three lines.
There should be no extra spacing between paragraphs.

 

*Grammar:
I hold you to the highest mark of excellence concerning grammar and spelling in your paper. Your paper should be free of all grammatical errors. When you proofread your work before the final draft, check closely for the following:
1. Sentence fragments
2. Misspelled words
3. Wordiness
4. Subject/verb agreement
5. Capitalization
6. Punctuation, etc. . . etc. . .

*Tense and Person:
History papers should be written, exclusively, in past tense and in third person, except in rare instances. Thus, make double – even triple sure that the tenses in your paper all agree and that your verbs are all in past tense. Do not delve into the first or second person in your paper. The use of “I’ and “you” should be avoided in history term papers.
Do not refer to the people you are writing about in your term paper by their first name unless you personally know them. Even then, it is preferred that you avoid using first names.

*Contractions:
Don’t ever use them — ever — in a history paper.

*Abbreviations:
Don’t ever use them either.

 

*Quotations:
All quotes must be documented.
If your quote runs longer than five or six lines, it should appear in block quote form. Block quotes are singled-spaced. They are indented in eight to ten spaces from the original left and right margins. Blocked quotes do not have quotation marks since the block itself designates a quotation. You should drop down three single spaces from the double-spaced text to begin a block quote. You should drop an additional three spaces to end it and resume the double-spaced text. An example of a blocked quote looks like this:

BLOCK QUOTE EXAMPLE:

 

I have dropped three spaces from the text, which would
normally be double-spaced. I have intended in on both
margins. I am not using quotation marks, since the block
designates the quote. When I finish this, I will drop three
additional lines to end the quote.

 

If you want to change the wording of something in the quote to make it read better, use the brackets []. You can also use the brackets to fix a misspelled word in a quote. To do this, after the misspelled word, type [sic]. Thus, “We used to go a fishing as soon as the rivers rized and the creekets swelled,” becomes, “We [went] fishing [when] the rivers rized [sic] and the creekets [sic] swelled.”

DO NOT OVERUSE QUOTATIONS. They are meant to add spice and flavor to your paper. But, your paper SHOULD NOT be a cornucopia of one quotation after another. This would not represent good writing, and the writer (you) would never be heard.
Should you quote the historians from their books? Most of the time, NO! Paraphrase what the historians say in your own words. Try to avoid quoting the historians. It is much better if you paraphrase what they say and then document it. Should you quote the people who made history and who lived through the events you are writing about? Yes! Absolutely! And as much as possible.

 

*Ellipsis:
Use Ellipsis when you are deleting part of a quote. If you are deleting part of a sentence, use three ellipsis (. . .) If you are deleting whole parts of a paragraph in a quote, use four ellipsis (. . . .)

*Introduction, Body, and Conclusion:
All term papers should have an introduction paragraph which states what the paper is all about; a body of the text which tells the reader everything they ever wanted to know about the topic; and a conclusion, which tells the reader what he/she just read and which ties into the introduction.
*Photographs, Maps, and Charts:
These are entirely acceptable should you decide to use them. If they fill a single page in the body of the text, the page should still be numbered. But, they do not count as part of the written 8-10 pages of the paper.
The source of all charts, maps, and photographs should be given under their position on the page where they appear.
Students using GIS should most definitely incorporate their charts, maps, and graphs into their term paper.

 

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