Assignment Instructions: Must use Times New Roman; do not triple-space between paragraphs, and make sure your double-space is a true double-space! Justify left margins only. At least three to five pages of body, ten to fifteen citations (called Notes in Chicago), correctly formatted. Must use the required sub-titles (bolded) and must use the Chicago citation system (endnotes in the Arabic numbering format, not the roman numerals). Remember, Chicago works best with active voice and strong and clear verbs! The Owl at Purdue (and the Kang video) clearly states, and I have repeated this requirement in class several times and at great length, that if you have a choice, always choose active voice. And one extra endnote (that is not a citation, but simply informational or explanatory). Use a topic title for your submission, but use a more creative title for your actual draft/final; and don′t forget at least one opening quote, in italics. Reminder, it really doesn′t matter which issue you write on; the primary purposes of this writing assignment are based on the following criteria: A. your paper should demonstrate clear and positive control of this (speculative) pattern. B. Do not mix causes with effects (thereby leading to a likely faulty cause and effect reasoning, development becoming circular and repetitive–without expansion, loss of control). C. Demonstrable hidden cause and long-term effect–do not simply write a ″report.″ And D. Use of sources, without plagiarizing (Chicago Citation system only). Of course, I have chosen these topics precisely because they challenge you to think critically, and withholding judgment. All these topics challenge institutionalized stereo-types and oppressions; I make no bones about that. For example, you could argue for all the drivers and consequences for Mass Incarceration that do not include race or racism, but then you would have to ignore key statistics. It is possible, but toss it around in your mind. But do not try to force any of these topic analyses into your entrenched belief systems that could lead your paper off this organizational pattern; keep your mind open to other possibilities. Trend, Phenomenon, or Event: present the top of the pyramid; keep it simple: just use two or so key statistics and a brief desсrіption of your trend or phenomenon (not necessary to use an illustration here).do not ″forecast″ here. Hidden Causes: argue for the drivers of your pyramid; use bolded sub-titles. Long-term Effects: argue for the consequences of your pyramid; use bolded subtitles. And please try to avoid ″scientific″ or ″health″ related consequences, which typically are too narrow and not long-term enough. Remember, avoid just focusing on individuals impacted: try to make a larger and more substantial argument. Counter-argument section: you only need one counter-argument for this paper. Alternative causes/effects: take one cause or one effect that you do not use for your argument and then counter (respond) them—showing why they do not drive or flow from your pyramid. This section should at least be two paragraphs. Call to Action: could be substantial depending on your pyramid; typically, your paper will have one paragraph for each of your cause(s) or effect(s). Use Looking Forward or Where Do We Go From Here? For your bolded subtitle here. You still must use bolded sub-titles; for example, if your topic is Mass Incarceration, then your first bolded sub-title will be The War on Drugs. Then, your next bolded sub-title (for your long-term effects section) will be Disenfranchisement (or something similar). Make sure you pay attention to paragraph unity, effective transitions, the use of signal phrases, and the use of active voice (and strong and clear verbs). And do not use the structural terms of this pattern; in other words, do not use ″cause″ ″effect″ ″hidden cause″ long-term effect″ ″call to action″ ″phenomenon″ ″trend″ ″event″ ″alternative cause/effect″ in your paper. Do not use first-person; use a variety of sources–of course, start with some of the sources from the applicable Announcements section; and avoid over-use of illustrations. Remember, it is important that you attempt to identify hidden causes and long-term effects. Again, do not mix causes with effects! If you discover a causal relationship, try naming it as a ″cycle″ and then use that cycle as your sub-title–make sense?

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