We can work on The UCI Machine Learning Repository

  1. Obtain one of the data sets available at the UCI Machine Learning Repository and apply as many of the different visualization techniques described in the chapter as possible. The bibliographic notes and book Web site provide pointers to visualization software.
  2. Identify at least two advantages and two disadvantages of using color to visually represent information.
  3. What are the arrangement issues that arise with respect to three-dimensional plots?
  4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using sampling to reduce the number of data objects that need to be displayed. Would simple random sampling (without replacement) be a good approach to sampling? Why or why not?
  5. Describe how you would create visualizations to display information that de-scribes the following types of systems.
    a) Computer networks. Be sure to include both the static aspects of the network, such as connectivity, and the dynamic aspects, such as traffic.
    b) The distribution of specific plant and animal species around the world fora specific moment in time.
    c) The use of computer resources, such as processor time, main memory, and disk, for a set of benchmark database programs.
    d) The change in occupation of workers in a particular country over the last thirty years. Assume that you have yearly information about each person that also includes gender and level of education.
    Be sure to address the following issues:
    • Representation.How will you map objects, attributes, and relation-ships to visual elements?
    • Arrangement. Are there any special considerations that need to be taken into account with respect to how visual elements are displayed? Specific examples might be the choice of viewpoint, the use of transparency, or the separation of certain groups of objects.
    • Selection.How will you handle a large number of attributes and data objects
  6. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of a stem and leaf plot with respect to a standard histogram.
  7. How might you address the problem that a histogram depends on the number and location of the bins?
  8. Describe how a box plot can give information about whether the value of an attribute is symmetrically distributed. What can you say about the symmetry of the distributions of the attributes shown in Figure 3.11?
  9. Compare sepal length, sepal width, petal length, and petal width, using Figure3.12.
  10. Comment on the use of a box plot to explore a data set with four attributes: age, weight, height, and income.
  11. Give a possible explanation as to why most of the values of petal length and width fall in the buckets along the diagonal in Figure 3.9.
  12. Use Figures 3.14 and 3.15 to identify a characteristic shared by the petal width and petal length attributes.
  13. Simple line plots, such as that displayed in Figure 2.12 on page 56, which shows two time series, can be used to effectively display high-dimensional data. For example, in Figure 2.12 it is easy to tell that the frequencies of the two time series are different. What characteristic of time series allows the effective visualization of high-dimensional data?
  14. Describe the types of situations that produce sparse or dense data cubes. Illustrate with examples other than those used in the book.
  15. How might you extend the notion of multidimensional data analysis so that the target variable is a qualitative variable? In other words, what sorts of summary statistics or data visualizations would be of interest?
  16. Construct a data cube from Table 3.14. Is this a dense or sparse data cube? If it is sparse, identify the cells that are empty.
  17. Discuss the differences between dimensionality reduction based on aggregation and dimensionality reduction based on techniques such as PCA and SVD.

PDF: https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/blackboard.learn.xythos.prod/5a31b16bb2c48/3150905?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27chapter3_lesson.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20200515T035400Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIL7WQYDOOHAZJGWQ%2F20200515%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=b8c309c791f42492e6049a468ae4e66dc270625309cc2d82629e2332ed891fd4

Read Tan, Steinbach, & Kumar – Chapter 3 – Exploring Data

Sample Solution

Weight gain is an unfriendly impact of numerous psychotropic meds and a main source of resistance in kids ingesting these medications. Psychotropic medications that cause weight gain incorporate certain classes of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and state of mind stabilizers, for example, Lithium, tricyclics and mono-amine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine. The antiepileptic drugs valproate, vigabatrin, gabapentin and carbamazepine have been appeared to cause weight gain(12). Different prescriptions related with weight gain are drugs that square serotonin 5-HT2, histamine H1, dopamine D2 receptors (13) and high-portion incessant glucocorticoid treatment. Wellbeing CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY: Stout kids are at incredible hazard for turning out to be large grown-ups and the hazard copies when in any event one parent is hefty. India has been reported as the Diabetic Capital of the World by WHO in view of ceaseless ascent in populace with diabetes mellitus. 1. Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): Most patients with this type of diabetes are large and Insulin opposition is viewed as the most serious hazard factor for the improvement of T2DM in stout kids. Rules for determination of pre-diabetes and diabetes according to American Diabetes Association (14) is as per the following: TABLE 3 HBA1C Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl 2 hour plasma glucose during an OGTT, mg/dl Pre-diabetes 5.7-6.4% 100-125 140-199 Diabetes ≥6.5% ≥126 ≥200 Fasting is characterized as no caloric admission for in any event 8 h. In patients with great side effects of hyperglycemia irregular plasma glucose of ≥200mg/dl is additionally marked as Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association suggests screening of kids in danger of T2DM ie. those with a BMI ≥85th percentile and at least two of the accompanying extra hazard factors: influenced first or second degree relative, individual from a high-chance ethnic gathering that incorporates Asian Indians and indications of insulin opposition eg. Acanthosis nigricans, PCOS. Screening is performed at 10 years old or at the beginning of pubescence (whichever happens first) and each 3years from that point (15). In the event that any side effect of T2DM is seen screening should be possible prior. HbA1C ought not be utilized to screen for T2DM since the investigations were acted in grown-ups and it’s anything but a solid screening test in youngsters and in specific races. 2. Dyslipidemia: Standards for lipid profile in kids (16) are not quite the same as grown-ups and are given in Table 4 TABLE 4 Satisfactory, mg/dl Borderline, mg/dl Abnormal, mg/dl Absolute cholesterol <170 170-199 ≥200 LDL Cholesterol <110 110-129 ≥130 Non HDL Cholesterol <120 120-144 ≥145 Triglycerides 0-9y 10-19y <75 45 40-45 90th to <95th ≥95th to <99th +5mmHg ≥99th +5mmHg METABOLIC SYNDROME (MS) Metabolic Syndrome is otherwise called condition X and is described by: – Obesity (stomach) – Atherogenic dyslipidemia (raised triglyceride [TG] levels, high low-thickness lipoprotein [LDL] particles, and low high-thickness lipoprotein cholesterol levels – Raised circulatory strain – Abnormality of glucose digestion (hindered fasting glucose or GTT) – Prothrombic provocative vascular condition The nearness of this bunch of variables builds the danger of cardiovascular occasions. Youth heftiness inclines to endothelial brokenness, carotid intimal average thickening, and the advancement of early aortic and coronary blood vessel sinewy plaques. Rest apnea and heftiness related hypoventilation may add to aspiratory blood vessel hypertension. MS has been an all around characterized element in grown-ups yet the definition in youngsters is as yet factor. Pervasiveness rates in the pediatric age bunch fluctuate contingent upon the models utilized. The International Diabetes Federation’s (IDF) measures (17) for diagnosing metabolic condition requires the nearness of focal heftiness in addition to any two of the other four variables: TABLE 6 10 to <16years ≥16years Stoutness (WC)* ≥90th percentile ≥94cm (guys) ≥80cm (females) Triglycerides ≥150mg/dl ≥150mg/dl HDL cholesterol <40mg/dl <40mg/dl (guys) <50mg/dl (females) Circulatory strain SBP ≥130mmHg, or DBP ≥85mmHg SBP ≥130mmHg, or DBP ≥85mmHg, or Treatment of recently analyzed Hypertension Destining plasma glucose ≥100mg/dl, or known T2DM ≥100mg/dl, or known T2DM *Country explicit midriff periphery principles ought to be utilized if accessible. For youngsters matured 6 to 110 mg/dl, and – BP ≥90th percentile as per age and sex Midriff periphery percentiles for the Indian Population were distributed as of late by Khadilkar et al (18). They have proposed a cut-off of 70th percentile for WC, to screen for Metabolic Syndrome in Indian youngsters. 5. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Nonalcoholic greasy liver infection (NAFLD) establishes a range of conditions, running from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, without over the top liquor utilization. The predominance of NAFLD is 34.2% in hefty kids and youths and the detailed pervasiveness is most elevated in Asia (19). Most kids are asymptomatic, while some may grumble of right upper quadrant torment or stomach inconvenience. NAFLD bothers hepatic insulin obstruction, in this way expanding the danger of creating T2DM. The liver SAFETY (Screening ALT for Elevation in Today’s Youth) study was led to create ALT limits and the cut-off of ALT >25 for young men and >22 for young ladies were proposed for screening NAFLD in kids (20). 6. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Expanded adiposity, particularly stomach, is related with hyperandrogenemia and expanded metabolic hazard. The finding of PCOS in a pre-adult young lady ought to be made dependent on the nearness of clinical and additionally biochemical proof of hyperandrogenism (after prohibition of different pathologies) within the sight of tireless oligomenorrhea (21). Polycystic ovary morphology on ultrasound isn’t solid to make a conclusion in young people in light of the fact that multi-follicular ovaries are a component of typical pubescence that dies down with beginning of normal menstrual cycles (22). 7. Mental: Results from a few investigations propose a higher pace of discouragement among stout youngsters than among offspring of ordinary weight. Notwithstanding gloom, uneasiness and low-confidence have likewise been found to identify with weight in youngsters and youths. An examination by Grilo et al. (23) exhibited that “the more noteworthy the recurrence of being prodded about weight and shape while growing up, the more negative one’s appearance is respected, and the more noteworthy the level of body disappointment in adulthood”. 8. Various: Orthopedic issues, for example, slipped capital epiphyses and Blount’s malady, happen in corpulent kids. Roughly half to 70% of youngsters with slipped capital epiphyses are hefty. Large youngsters are additionally at a higher hazard for creating nerve stones, pseudotumor cerebri and obstructive rest apnea. Assessment OF THE OBESE CHILD:>

Weight gain is an unfriendly impact of numerous psychotropic meds and a main source of resistance in kids ingesting these medications. Psychotropic medications that cause weight gain incorporate certain classes of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and state of mind stabilizers, for example, Lithium, tricyclics and mono-amine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine. The antiepileptic drugs valproate, vigabatrin, gabapentin and carbamazepine have been appeared to cause weight gain(12). Different prescriptions related with weight gain are drugs that square serotonin 5-HT2, histamine H1, dopamine D2 receptors (13) and high-portion incessant glucocorticoid treatment. Wellbeing CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY: Stout kids are at incredible hazard for turning out to be large grown-ups and the hazard copies when in any event one parent is hefty. India has been reported as the Diabetic Capital of the World by WHO in view of ceaseless ascent in populace with diabetes mellitus. 1. Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): Most patients with this type of diabetes are large and Insulin opposition is viewed as the most serious hazard factor for the improvement of T2DM in stout kids. Rules for determination of pre-diabetes and diabetes according to American Diabetes Association (14) is as per the following: TABLE 3 HBA1C Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl 2 hour plasma glucose during an OGTT, mg/dl Pre-diabetes 5.7-6.4% 100-125 140-199 Diabetes ≥6.5% ≥126 ≥200 Fasting is characterized as no caloric admission for in any event 8 h. In patients with great side effects of hyperglycemia irregular plasma glucose of ≥200mg/dl is additionally marked as Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association suggests screening of kids in danger of T2DM ie. those with a BMI ≥85th percentile and at least two of the accompanying extra hazard factors: influenced first or second degree relative, individual from a high-chance ethnic gathering that incorporates Asian Indians and indications of insulin opposition eg. Acanthosis nigricans, PCOS. Screening is performed at 10 years old or at the beginning of pubescence (whichever happens first) and each 3years from that point (15). In the event that any side effect of T2DM is seen screening should be possible prior. HbA1C ought not be utilized to screen for T2DM since the investigations were acted in grown-ups and it’s anything but a solid screening test in youngsters and in specific races. 2. Dyslipidemia: Standards for lipid profile in kids (16) are not quite the same as grown-ups and are given in Table 4 TABLE 4 Satisfactory, mg/dl Borderline, mg/dl Abnormal, mg/dl Absolute cholesterol <170 170-199 ≥200 LDL Cholesterol <110 110-129 ≥130 Non HDL Cholesterol <120 120-144 ≥145 Triglycerides 0-9y 10-19y <75 45 40-45 90th to <95th ≥95th to <99th +5mmHg ≥99th +5mmHg METABOLIC SYNDROME (MS) Metabolic Syndrome is otherwise called condition X and is described by: – Obesity (stomach) – Atherogenic dyslipidemia (raised triglyceride [TG] levels, high low-thickness lipoprotein [LDL] particles, and low high-thickness lipoprotein cholesterol levels – Raised circulatory strain – Abnormality of glucose digestion (hindered fasting glucose or GTT) – Prothrombic provocative vascular condition The nearness of this bunch of variables builds the danger of cardiovascular occasions. Youth heftiness inclines to endothelial brokenness, carotid intimal average thickening, and the advancement of early aortic and coronary blood vessel sinewy plaques. Rest apnea and heftiness related hypoventilation may add to aspiratory blood vessel hypertension. MS has been an all around characterized element in grown-ups yet the definition in youngsters is as yet factor. Pervasiveness rates in the pediatric age bunch fluctuate contingent upon the models utilized. The International Diabetes Federation’s (IDF) measures (17) for diagnosing metabolic condition requires the nearness of focal heftiness in addition to any two of the other four variables: TABLE 6 10 to <16years ≥16years Stoutness (WC)* ≥90th percentile ≥94cm (guys) ≥80cm (females) Triglycerides ≥150mg/dl ≥150mg/dl HDL cholesterol <40mg/dl <40mg/dl (guys) <50mg/dl (females) Circulatory strain SBP ≥130mmHg, or DBP ≥85mmHg SBP ≥130mmHg, or DBP ≥85mmHg, or Treatment of recently analyzed Hypertension Destining plasma glucose ≥100mg/dl, or known T2DM ≥100mg/dl, or known T2DM *Country explicit midriff periphery principles ought to be utilized if accessible. For youngsters matured 6 to 110 mg/dl, and – BP ≥90th percentile as per age and sex Midriff periphery percentiles for the Indian Population were distributed as of late by Khadilkar et al (18). They have proposed a cut-off of 70th percentile for WC, to screen for Metabolic Syndrome in Indian youngsters. 5. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Nonalcoholic greasy liver infection (NAFLD) establishes a range of conditions, running from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, without over the top liquor utilization. The predominance of NAFLD is 34.2% in hefty kids and youths and the detailed pervasiveness is most elevated in Asia (19). Most kids are asymptomatic, while some may grumble of right upper quadrant torment or stomach inconvenience. NAFLD bothers hepatic insulin obstruction, in this way expanding the danger of creating T2DM. The liver SAFETY (Screening ALT for Elevation in Today’s Youth) study was led to create ALT limits and the cut-off of ALT >25 for young men and >22 for young ladies were proposed for screening NAFLD in kids (20). 6. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Expanded adiposity, particularly stomach, is related with hyperandrogenemia and expanded metabolic hazard. The finding of PCOS in a pre-adult young lady ought to be made dependent on the nearness of clinical and additionally biochemical proof of hyperandrogenism (after prohibition of different pathologies) within the sight of tireless oligomenorrhea (21). Polycystic ovary morphology on ultrasound isn’t solid to make a conclusion in young people in light of the fact that multi-follicular ovaries are a component of typical pubescence that dies down with beginning of normal menstrual cycles (22). 7. Mental: Results from a few investigations propose a higher pace of discouragement among stout youngsters than among offspring of ordinary weight. Notwithstanding gloom, uneasiness and low-confidence have likewise been found to identify with weight in youngsters and youths. An examination by Grilo et al. (23) exhibited that “the more noteworthy the recurrence of being prodded about weight and shape while growing up, the more negative one’s appearance is respected, and the more noteworthy the level of body disappointment in adulthood”. 8. Various: Orthopedic issues, for example, slipped capital epiphyses and Blount’s malady, happen in corpulent kids. Roughly half to 70% of youngsters with slipped capital epiphyses are hefty. Large youngsters are additionally at a higher hazard for creating nerve stones, pseudotumor cerebri and obstructive rest apnea. Assessment OF THE OBESE CHILD:>

Is this question part of your assignment?

Place order