The executives at Acme Manufacturing Co. were impressed by your first report, and they have asked you and BSCI to return for more work. BSCI has been contracted by Acme Manufacturing Co. to conduct a study to determine employee exposures to radiation. In addition, your company has been contracted to determine the effectiveness of engineering controls, including shielding. After conducting a field assessment, prepare a written report for Bob Sanders (CSP) to present to the Board of Directors. During your field investigation, you find the following field observations:
Test Equipment and Repair Facility
The company has an on-site test equipment and repair facility. Much of the test equipment contains a radiation source. Normal practice inside the facility is to limit the time of exposure of employees working on this equipment as a method of control. However, the company is looking at the possibility of installing lead shields or increasing the distance from the source, thus increasing employee time working on equipment. Based on the following information determine the employeeâs exposure:
Location Employee Distance (Initial) Distance (Proposed) Intensity (Initial) Intensity at proposed distance
Bench #3 Rita Ray D’Ashun 0.5 ft. 2 ft. 110 mrem/h Unknown
Bench #5 Robert Long 1 ft. 3 ft. 137 mrem/h Unknown
Bench #6 Paul Row 0.75 ft. 1.5 ft. 102 mrem/h Unknown
Based on this information, determine the employeeâs actual exposure rate to the radiation source. Show your work (either in the report or as an appendix).
The second option under consideration is to install lead shields in order to reduce the employeeâs dose rate. Using the information provided in the table above, determine the intensity at the same distances listed above if a 5 cm lead shield was placed between the source and the detector. [µ for lead, (662 keV gamma ray) = 1.23 cm-¹]
Radar Testing Facility
As part of your assessment, you have been asked to evaluate the estimated power density levels for both near and far fields. When there is no gain listed in the problem, always defer to a gain of 10. Recall that 1 watt = 1,000,000 µW(microwatts). You have conducted your assessment and measurements with the following data:
Location Diameter (cm) Antenna Power (watts) Distance (r) from Antenna (cm) Power Density (Near Field) (µW/cm²) Power Density (Far Field) (µW/cm²)
Radar Unit #1 48 in 50,000 150 ft.
Radar Unit #2 26 cm 110,000 150 ft.
Laser Laboratory
Acme Manufacturing is currently considering constructing a laser laboratory, which will contain Class III, IIIA, and IIIB lasers. Identify the safety control measures that the client must consider before proceeding to the design phase of the project.
Respond to the details in each section, and format your report in APA style. Include at least each of the following in your report for this unit:
Introduction-briefly describe why the studies were performed (why you started the study).
Report details-briefly discuss the details of the scenario (what you found from the study).
Sample Solution
Living after the End of History, in which there is âno alternativeâ to neoliberal capitalism, defending any form of planned economic relations is seen as harmlessly anachronistic at best or outright malevolent at worst. After all, the decay and final implosion of the Eastern Bloc regimes seemed to confirm once and for all the moral and economic superiority of the market. The failure of Stalinist-style planning forced many of those remaining on the Left to reconsider whether market economics might in fact have a place in their visions of a post-capitalist world. Emerging from this ideological scuffle is G.A. Cohenâs âWhy Not Socialism?â a text adamantly asserting the necessity of a specifically market socialist economy. While Cohen himself admits that âmarket socialism does not fully satisfy socialist standards of distributive justice,â he believes that, for the foreseeable future, it is the most feasible and desirable form of socialist government (Cohen 429). This is because an alternative, planned form of economic relations would lead to failures reminiscent of the Soviet Unionâs. In the following work, having given an account of the socialist conception of distributive justice, I will confirm Cohenâs assertion that any market-based system of economic relations is necessarily unjust. I will go on to propose that, since there are shortcomings in the theory of market socialism that he does not consider, it may not be as easy to dismiss planning as Cohen makes it seem. Cohen identifies two principles that must be realized in any socialist societyâthe egalitarian principle, and the principle of community. The egalitarian principle rises from a foundation of socialist equality of opportunity. This Cohen defines as the removal of âobstacles to opportunity from which some people suffer and others donât.â (Cohen 418) So, what socialists demand is not equality of resources, but equality of access to resources. The superficial similarity to what Cohen terms bourgeois equality of opportunity is deceiving. Even imagining all discrimination (sexual, racial, etc.) abolished in some hypothetical bourgeois democracy, there would remain innate differences and social circumstances that would impede their ownersâ access to resources. A timely example of the latter is the unfair advantage A, the child of an investment banker, has over B, the child of a farm laborer, in financing their higher education. A, by grace of their heritage, has access to wealth B does not, which they can use to finance their education. For B to finance their education, they must work in addition to studying, dividing their time and attention in such a way as to practically guarantee worse academic performance. Thus, B is impeded in the pursuit of knowledge in a way A is not. Social circumstances such as these can be surmounted under a welfare >
Living after the End of History, in which there is âno alternativeâ to neoliberal capitalism, defending any form of planned economic relations is seen as harmlessly anachronistic at best or outright malevolent at worst. After all, the decay and final implosion of the Eastern Bloc regimes seemed to confirm once and for all the moral and economic superiority of the market. The failure of Stalinist-style planning forced many of those remaining on the Left to reconsider whether market economics might in fact have a place in their visions of a post-capitalist world. Emerging from this ideological scuffle is G.A. Cohenâs âWhy Not Socialism?â a text adamantly asserting the necessity of a specifically market socialist economy. While Cohen himself admits that âmarket socialism does not fully satisfy socialist standards of distributive justice,â he believes that, for the foreseeable future, it is the most feasible and desirable form of socialist government (Cohen 429). This is because an alternative, planned form of economic relations would lead to failures reminiscent of the Soviet Unionâs. In the following work, having given an account of the socialist conception of distributive justice, I will confirm Cohenâs assertion that any market-based system of economic relations is necessarily unjust. I will go on to propose that, since there are shortcomings in the theory of market socialism that he does not consider, it may not be as easy to dismiss planning as Cohen makes it seem. Cohen identifies two principles that must be realized in any socialist societyâthe egalitarian principle, and the principle of community. The egalitarian principle rises from a foundation of socialist equality of opportunity. This Cohen defines as the removal of âobstacles to opportunity from which some people suffer and others donât.â (Cohen 418) So, what socialists demand is not equality of resources, but equality of access to resources. The superficial similarity to what Cohen terms bourgeois equality of opportunity is deceiving. Even imagining all discrimination (sexual, racial, etc.) abolished in some hypothetical bourgeois democracy, there would remain innate differences and social circumstances that would impede their ownersâ access to resources. A timely example of the latter is the unfair advantage A, the child of an investment banker, has over B, the child of a farm laborer, in financing their higher education. A, by grace of their heritage, has access to wealth B does not, which they can use to finance their education. For B to finance their education, they must work in addition to studying, dividing their time and attention in such a way as to practically guarantee worse academic performance. Thus, B is impeded in the pursuit of knowledge in a way A is not. Social circumstances such as these can be surmounted under a welfare >
