On August 13, 2007, the Vancouver police had an encounter with Paul Boyd that ultimately ended in Boydâs death at the hands of an officer. Put yourself in the shoes of a police psychologist who has been brought in to consult on this case. You have been provided with all of the background information about the case (available on Blackboard), including a brief list of potentially relevant psychological phenomena that may provide you with a starting point for this assignment. You now must prepare your report, which is to focus on three basic issues:
- What factors might an officer (on scene during the encounter with Paul Boyd) have considered in their overall risk assessment of the situation (think about the use of force model that was discussed in the module)? In your view, what influence might this assessment have had on the decisions made by the officers, including Constable Chipperfield?
- Consider some of the decisions made by officers in this encounter, the actions that were exhibited by officers, and some of the things the officers reported after the encounter. As a police psychologist with knowledge of use of force dynamics, human psychology and physiology, cognition and memory, how would you explain some of the officersâ decisions, actions, and follow-up reports (including the fact that recall discrepancies between officers seemed to exist)? Remember to use the last document in the list of material to assist with this portion of the assignment.
- Based on your knowledge of police use of force (from what you have learned in this class and what you discovered throughout the process of completing this assignment), do you feel that Constable Chipperfield was justified in shooting Paul Boyd? Why or why not?
Sample Solution
The various sorts of concoction admixtures are as per the following: Quickening admixture: Accelerating admixtures (otherwise called quickening agents) are added to cement to decrease the setting time of cement and to quicken early quality. Quickening admixtures are particularly helpful for altering the properties of cement in chilly climate. Models: calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3) 2) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3). Impeding admixtures: Retarding admixtures are frequently utilized in sweltering climate conditions to postpone the setting time of cement. Models: Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4), sugar, starch. Water decreasing admixture: This kind of admixture is added to lessen the water content by around 5% to 12% in a blend while keeping up certain measure of consistency. Plasticizers: These are natural or a mix of natural and inorganic substances, which permit water decrease for a given usefulness. Models: hydro carbolic corrosive and lignosulfonate Super plasticizers: They are high range water reducers and decrease the water sum in concrete by around 12% to 30% Models: melamine formaldehyde, naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde. Air Entraining Admixtures: Air entraining admixtures must be utilized at whatever point concrete is presented to freezing and defrosting. Air entraining specialists entrain or trap in minute air rises in the solid. At the point when the solidified solid freezes, the solidified water inside the solid ventures into these air rises as opposed to harming the solid. The air entrainment might be finished by ï surface dynamic specialists, (E.g. Characteristic wood tars, Animal or vegetable fats, oils, for example, o1ive oil) ï synthetic substances (Ex: zinc or aluminum powder) ï concrete scattering specialists (Ex: Calcium lignosulphonate) Holding admixtures: They are added by 5% to 20% to concrete for expanding the bond quality among old and new concrete. Ex: elastic, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetic acid derivation, acrylic polymers. (an) Adhesives ought to have high rigidity, firm quality and ease to bond two surfaces unequivocally. Glues utilized in development are called auxiliary cements. They are ordered dependent on the source they are acquired from. Following are the three kinds of glues being used. (b) Natural cements ( otherwise called natural cements) Regular cements are produced using natural sources, for example, vegetable starch, na>
The various sorts of concoction admixtures are as per the following: Quickening admixture: Accelerating admixtures (otherwise called quickening agents) are added to cement to decrease the setting time of cement and to quicken early quality. Quickening admixtures are particularly helpful for altering the properties of cement in chilly climate. Models: calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3) 2) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3). Impeding admixtures: Retarding admixtures are frequently utilized in sweltering climate conditions to postpone the setting time of cement. Models: Calcium Sulfate (CaSO4), sugar, starch. Water decreasing admixture: This kind of admixture is added to lessen the water content by around 5% to 12% in a blend while keeping up certain measure of consistency. Plasticizers: These are natural or a mix of natural and inorganic substances, which permit water decrease for a given usefulness. Models: hydro carbolic corrosive and lignosulfonate Super plasticizers: They are high range water reducers and decrease the water sum in concrete by around 12% to 30% Models: melamine formaldehyde, naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde. Air Entraining Admixtures: Air entraining admixtures must be utilized at whatever point concrete is presented to freezing and defrosting. Air entraining specialists entrain or trap in minute air rises in the solid. At the point when the solidified solid freezes, the solidified water inside the solid ventures into these air rises as opposed to harming the solid. The air entrainment might be finished by ï surface dynamic specialists, (E.g. Characteristic wood tars, Animal or vegetable fats, oils, for example, o1ive oil) ï synthetic substances (Ex: zinc or aluminum powder) ï concrete scattering specialists (Ex: Calcium lignosulphonate) Holding admixtures: They are added by 5% to 20% to concrete for expanding the bond quality among old and new concrete. Ex: elastic, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetic acid derivation, acrylic polymers. (an) Adhesives ought to have high rigidity, firm quality and ease to bond two surfaces unequivocally. Glues utilized in development are called auxiliary cements. They are ordered dependent on the source they are acquired from. Following are the three kinds of glues being used. (b) Natural cements ( otherwise called natural cements) Regular cements are produced using natural sources, for example, vegetable starch, na>
