Part II – Essay. Please give complete answers to any two (2) of the following questions. Give evidence and support to your answers.

1. From both Bardes (Ch. 2) and the class discussion we had regarding Federalist Papers 10 and 51, please discuss and analyze the Madisonian model of checks and balances. In particular, (1) how was the national government to be structured and set-up, under Madison’s vision? (2) How would this government design be able to protect from tyranny of a faction(s) and mass democracy, without taking away the liberty of any one group? (3) If there was to be governing, what has to happen among the factions and parts of the national government?

2. Please describe and explain the concept of Selective Incorporation, as well as the Constitutional reasoning behind it. Please identify and briefly describe one or two Supreme Court cases that were part of the incorporation process.

3. Please describe and analyze in detail the concept and interpretation of nation-centered federalism, as well as Constitutional evidence for this view of federalism.

4. In terms of political ideology and the political spectrum, please describe and explain, in detail, the ECONOMIC VALUES, of both the modern right and the left.

5. Please describe and analyze in detail the concept and interpretation of state-centered federalism, as well as Constitutional evidence for this view of federalism.