Think of a time in which you and others you know (family members, friends, and classmates) experienced an event that some viewed as threatening and others viewed as challenging. What were some of the differences in the reactions of those who experienced the event as threatening compared to those who viewed the event as challenging? Why do you think there were differences in how these individuals judged the same event? Use the information from the 14.1 “What is Stress” section of the chapter to help guide your response.
Suppose you want to design a study to examine the relationship between stress and illness, but you cannot use the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (discussed in section 14.2). How would you go about measuring stress? How would you measure illness? What would you need to do in order to tell if there is a cause-effect relationship between stress and illness? 1
Based upon the material presented in section 14.4, think of an example in which you coped with a particular stressor by using problem-focused coping. What was the stressor? What did your problem-focused efforts involve? Were they effective?
Sample Solution
Louis-Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) was an arranger that displayed the signs of Romanticism . He was noteworthy for his instrumental work, one of which is his program ensemble known as Fantastic Symphony. This orchestra is said to have a journalist with previous extraordinary works that were being created and altered. Additionally, the utilized of idée fixe all through five developments recommend changes in the mind-set turned into the principle center of this sythesis. In the main development, an assortment of feeling can be seen , which likewise give a dubious thought of how the idée fixe influence all through the symphony.This article explores the melodic components where Berlioz accomplished such a persuasive work to this date and will concentrate on the utilized of idée fixe in the primary development. Presentation Louis Hector Berlioz (1803 â 1869) was a French writer, pundit and director of nineteenth century of Romanticism, known to a great extent for his orchestra work. While he is remarkable for his ability in utilizing melodic jargon and his congruity decisions to shading sound that drove him to accomplish a more extensive scope of volume and brilliant sonorities, he is likewise licensed by having an incredible commitment to the advancement of program music as a structure. Program music was prospered during Romantic time that happened as expected of Symphony No. 6 in F Major “Pastorale” by Ludwig van Beethoven, which propelled numerous writers a while later including Berlioz that can be found in his first orchestra. In light of the book “Memoires” we can see that Berlioz was excited by many going before works that plan his first organization. It is expressed that the orchestra speaks to the combination and absorption of various impact both melodic and abstract. Fabulous Symphony is said to be an illustrative orchestra on Goethe’s Faust as Berlioz tells in his journals that it was composed while he was still affected by Goethe, whose Faust he had as of late perused. (http://www.hberlioz.com/Predecessors/beethoven.htm). Berlioz utilized coming full circle the sentiment of yearning, envisioning and having energy in an inferno and changed these materials into a profoundly organized orchestra where melodic solidarity is a basic key. These thoughts become the common topic and the main intention of the writer’s life (Berlioz Fantastic Symphony Edward T. Cone pg 5). He obtained the tune from his cantata “Herminine” as his idée fixe that expounded in interminable structure and shape to portray his darling. (Berlioz Fantastic Symphony Edward T Cone pg 11) The main development titled “Rêveries-Passions” which shows the change of a feeling as Berlioz expressed in his program notes: ” The writer envisions that a youthful performer, beset by the affliction of soul which a well known essayist has called the dubiousness of interests (le unclear des interests), sees just because a lady who joins every one of the charms of the perfect individual his creative mind was longing for, and falls urgently enamored with her. By a bizarre inconsistency, the darling picture never introduces itself to the craftsman’s psyche without being related with a melodic thought, in which he perceives a specific nature of enthusiasm, yet supplied with the honorability and bashfulness which he credits to the object of his affection. This melodic picture and its model continue frequenting him perpetually like a twofold idée fixe. This clarifies the consistent repeat in every one of the developments of the orchestra of the song which dispatches the main allegro. The changes from this condition of fantastic despairing, hindered by periodic upsurges of capricious delight, to woozy energy, with its upheavals of anger and desire, its profits of delicacy, its tears, its strict reassurances â this structures the subject of the principal development..” On that record, the idée fixe always returns all through this specific development with an alternate alteration each time. Additionally, it likewise speak to a central thought of how the idée fixe sway on another development too. This exposition will research how Berlioz utilized the idée fixe in first development so as to convey the plot to the audience. The music will be talked about sequentially according to the segment appeared in table 1.1 beneath Bars Segment Portrayal B. Examination Schumann recommends that in Berlioz’s orchestra, “Berlioz dismissed composing the more balanced tunes then in scholarly style, and rather searched for songs that were so exceptional in each note as to oppose ordinary harmonization”, as found in the figure 2.1. Berlioz utilized uncertain song in every one of the topsy-turvy expresses as he parts of the bargains in the main tone of C Major. This makes a solid propensity to set out to the home key, yet Berlioz doesn’t resolve. While in the subsequent expression, there are three climbing successions in which the latter is extended. The indistinguishable thing occur in the succeeding expression as the further the song rises, the more it gets enthusiastic, as it will in general stay away from the home key. As it slips, it turns out to be progressively chromatic in which Bernstein depict this as “falling once more into despair”. (Leonard Bernstein’s Young People’s Concerto pg 320) The prolongation of the tonic key just as the semitone that scatter in the idée fixe is a conspicuous component for this song so as to give us a longing and sad inclination simultaneously. For the most part, the song itself comprises a progression of feeling that as it joined, it gives a perfect image of a lovesick inclination. Figure 2.1. The tune of idée fixe. The content beneath shows the character of the song. The main development is in ABA structure, it starts in a condition of marvelous despairing in the prevailing key of C minor that give a dismal state of mind, proposing a craftsman’s spirits in the day preceding he saw his adored. The idée fixe tune would already be able to be heard quickly in bar 3, especially a longing figuration, in which it shows that the Artist was in despair and desolate. The utilization of semitone is fundamental in the main segment symbolize an expectation to the idée fixe. The nonattendance of a cadential point is the principle gadget, spreading all through the orchestra (as can be seen toward the finish of first expression). With an unexpected difference in unique , the scalic development of the parallel Major key rise in, presenting the B section.The sectioned figure beneath is the progress segment before it suddenly hindered by the scalic development of parallel major presenting B area. Figure 2.2 First topic of first development. Sectioned figure is the progress of An area. The B segment has a lighthearted character because of the key mark itself and the cadenced modification. Be that as it may, this fragment didn’t keep going well before the A’ segment tune start to rise. As previously mentioned, this first area is a readiness for the idée fixe, which can be found in the A’ segment. This delineate a capricious delight, as Berlioz depicted in his program note. Here,Berlioz utilized the first idée fixe tune and reversed in the flute; while the violin and viola are playing the ‘moan’ figuration from the fundamental topic . This tune progressingly being extended and developed to idée fixe, mirrors the temper and dreams of an inebriated craftsman. Figure 2.3. A’ segment. In preliminary to idée fixe, the dynamic are drastically unmistakable in which Bernstein portray this as “hallucinogenic firecracker” ( Leonard Berstein’s Young People’s Concerts pg 322). Besides, the two eighth notes have a significant job all through the remainder of the development, wherein can likewise be found in the accompanying backup. .As the idée fixe rise as one of woodwind and violins, the dynamic change radically as well as the rhythm markings change suddenly. In any case, as those gadgets is utilized to represent Artist’s nervousness, simultaneously it additionally makes a resonant sound because of the homophonic surface and negligible backup. In this manner, all the while it additionally uncovers the craftsman’s impression of Harriet Smithson as a caring lady Figure 2.4 The first idée fixe By utilizing a progression of scalic development and tremollo strings, Berlioz prevail with regards to giving us a feeling that his first gathering prompted an upsurge of delight. The accompanying tune is a continuation from the An area song however in the parallel major. All things considered, this bit differs two particular feelings as it here and there hindered by a long note, thinking back his beloved.Moreover, a longing figure is additionally occured, which gives a perfect picture of sentimental fever as it happen all the while and occasionally before another idée fixe show up. Figure 2.5. A progression of gadgets that is being utilized to unmistakable the state of mind In Figure 2.6., Berlioz made utilize the low-register instruments to play a part song idée fixe appeared differently in relation to the past one which give a darker sound, while the woodwind is playing the ‘murmur’ figuration. In result, the tune progressingly develop to anguish as it getting chromatic each time. As previously mentioned, the eighth notes figure is likewise show up as backup as well as a song. This segment is deduced in a group figure with a part of shutting tune in the idée fixe with a slight adjustment. Figure 2.6. A piece song of Idée fixe The accompanying area is additionally an arrangement song to the principle topic as the strings instruments plays a progression of chromatic scale , which is a change of the longing figure of the idée fixe. Additionally, an unexpected difference in powerful is likewise start to be seen. At the same time, this prompted an abrupt blast of A Major harmony that finish up this area. Figure 2.7. A longing scalic figuration The second idée fixe has a minor distinction as the backup figurations are indistinguishable. The song is played by woodwind, that joined by the eighth note and tremollando in strings with an increasingly steady and quiet beat. >
Louis-Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) was an arranger that displayed the signs of Romanticism . He was noteworthy for his instrumental work, one of which is his program ensemble known as Fantastic Symphony. This orchestra is said to have a journalist with previous extraordinary works that were being created and altered. Additionally, the utilized of idée fixe all through five developments recommend changes in the mind-set turned into the principle center of this sythesis. In the main development, an assortment of feeling can be seen , which likewise give a dubious thought of how the idée fixe influence all through the symphony.This article explores the melodic components where Berlioz accomplished such a persuasive work to this date and will concentrate on the utilized of idée fixe in the primary development. Presentation Louis Hector Berlioz (1803 â 1869) was a French writer, pundit and director of nineteenth century of Romanticism, known to a great extent for his orchestra work. While he is remarkable for his ability in utilizing melodic jargon and his congruity decisions to shading sound that drove him to accomplish a more extensive scope of volume and brilliant sonorities, he is likewise licensed by having an incredible commitment to the advancement of program music as a structure. Program music was prospered during Romantic time that happened as expected of Symphony No. 6 in F Major “Pastorale” by Ludwig van Beethoven, which propelled numerous writers a while later including Berlioz that can be found in his first orchestra. In light of the book “Memoires” we can see that Berlioz was excited by many going before works that plan his first organization. It is expressed that the orchestra speaks to the combination and absorption of various impact both melodic and abstract. Fabulous Symphony is said to be an illustrative orchestra on Goethe’s Faust as Berlioz tells in his journals that it was composed while he was still affected by Goethe, whose Faust he had as of late perused. (http://www.hberlioz.com/Predecessors/beethoven.htm). Berlioz utilized coming full circle the sentiment of yearning, envisioning and having energy in an inferno and changed these materials into a profoundly organized orchestra where melodic solidarity is a basic key. These thoughts become the common topic and the main intention of the writer’s life (Berlioz Fantastic Symphony Edward T. Cone pg 5). He obtained the tune from his cantata “Herminine” as his idée fixe that expounded in interminable structure and shape to portray his darling. (Berlioz Fantastic Symphony Edward T Cone pg 11) The main development titled “Rêveries-Passions” which shows the change of a feeling as Berlioz expressed in his program notes: ” The writer envisions that a youthful performer, beset by the affliction of soul which a well known essayist has called the dubiousness of interests (le unclear des interests), sees just because a lady who joins every one of the charms of the perfect individual his creative mind was longing for, and falls urgently enamored with her. By a bizarre inconsistency, the darling picture never introduces itself to the craftsman’s psyche without being related with a melodic thought, in which he perceives a specific nature of enthusiasm, yet supplied with the honorability and bashfulness which he credits to the object of his affection. This melodic picture and its model continue frequenting him perpetually like a twofold idée fixe. This clarifies the consistent repeat in every one of the developments of the orchestra of the song which dispatches the main allegro. The changes from this condition of fantastic despairing, hindered by periodic upsurges of capricious delight, to woozy energy, with its upheavals of anger and desire, its profits of delicacy, its tears, its strict reassurances â this structures the subject of the principal development..” On that record, the idée fixe always returns all through this specific development with an alternate alteration each time. Additionally, it likewise speak to a central thought of how the idée fixe sway on another development too. This exposition will research how Berlioz utilized the idée fixe in first development so as to convey the plot to the audience. The music will be talked about sequentially according to the segment appeared in table 1.1 beneath Bars Segment Portrayal B. Examination Schumann recommends that in Berlioz’s orchestra, “Berlioz dismissed composing the more balanced tunes then in scholarly style, and rather searched for songs that were so exceptional in each note as to oppose ordinary harmonization”, as found in the figure 2.1. Berlioz utilized uncertain song in every one of the topsy-turvy expresses as he parts of the bargains in the main tone of C Major. This makes a solid propensity to set out to the home key, yet Berlioz doesn’t resolve. While in the subsequent expression, there are three climbing successions in which the latter is extended. The indistinguishable thing occur in the succeeding expression as the further the song rises, the more it gets enthusiastic, as it will in general stay away from the home key. As it slips, it turns out to be progressively chromatic in which Bernstein depict this as “falling once more into despair”. (Leonard Bernstein’s Young People’s Concerto pg 320) The prolongation of the tonic key just as the semitone that scatter in the idée fixe is a conspicuous component for this song so as to give us a longing and sad inclination simultaneously. For the most part, the song itself comprises a progression of feeling that as it joined, it gives a perfect image of a lovesick inclination. Figure 2.1. The tune of idée fixe. The content beneath shows the character of the song. The main development is in ABA structure, it starts in a condition of marvelous despairing in the prevailing key of C minor that give a dismal state of mind, proposing a craftsman’s spirits in the day preceding he saw his adored. The idée fixe tune would already be able to be heard quickly in bar 3, especially a longing figuration, in which it shows that the Artist was in despair and desolate. The utilization of semitone is fundamental in the main segment symbolize an expectation to the idée fixe. The nonattendance of a cadential point is the principle gadget, spreading all through the orchestra (as can be seen toward the finish of first expression). With an unexpected difference in unique , the scalic development of the parallel Major key rise in, presenting the B section.The sectioned figure beneath is the progress segment before it suddenly hindered by the scalic development of parallel major presenting B area. Figure 2.2 First topic of first development. Sectioned figure is the progress of An area. The B segment has a lighthearted character because of the key mark itself and the cadenced modification. Be that as it may, this fragment didn’t keep going well before the A’ segment tune start to rise. As previously mentioned, this first area is a readiness for the idée fixe, which can be found in the A’ segment. This delineate a capricious delight, as Berlioz depicted in his program note. Here,Berlioz utilized the first idée fixe tune and reversed in the flute; while the violin and viola are playing the ‘moan’ figuration from the fundamental topic . This tune progressingly being extended and developed to idée fixe, mirrors the temper and dreams of an inebriated craftsman. Figure 2.3. A’ segment. In preliminary to idée fixe, the dynamic are drastically unmistakable in which Bernstein portray this as “hallucinogenic firecracker” ( Leonard Berstein’s Young People’s Concerts pg 322). Besides, the two eighth notes have a significant job all through the remainder of the development, wherein can likewise be found in the accompanying backup. .As the idée fixe rise as one of woodwind and violins, the dynamic change radically as well as the rhythm markings change suddenly. In any case, as those gadgets is utilized to represent Artist’s nervousness, simultaneously it additionally makes a resonant sound because of the homophonic surface and negligible backup. In this manner, all the while it additionally uncovers the craftsman’s impression of Harriet Smithson as a caring lady Figure 2.4 The first idée fixe By utilizing a progression of scalic development and tremollo strings, Berlioz prevail with regards to giving us a feeling that his first gathering prompted an upsurge of delight. The accompanying tune is a continuation from the An area song however in the parallel major. All things considered, this bit differs two particular feelings as it here and there hindered by a long note, thinking back his beloved.Moreover, a longing figure is additionally occured, which gives a perfect picture of sentimental fever as it happen all the while and occasionally before another idée fixe show up. Figure 2.5. A progression of gadgets that is being utilized to unmistakable the state of mind In Figure 2.6., Berlioz made utilize the low-register instruments to play a part song idée fixe appeared differently in relation to the past one which give a darker sound, while the woodwind is playing the ‘murmur’ figuration. In result, the tune progressingly develop to anguish as it getting chromatic each time. As previously mentioned, the eighth notes figure is likewise show up as backup as well as a song. This segment is deduced in a group figure with a part of shutting tune in the idée fixe with a slight adjustment. Figure 2.6. A piece song of Idée fixe The accompanying area is additionally an arrangement song to the principle topic as the strings instruments plays a progression of chromatic scale , which is a change of the longing figure of the idée fixe. Additionally, an unexpected difference in powerful is likewise start to be seen. At the same time, this prompted an abrupt blast of A Major harmony that finish up this area. Figure 2.7. A longing scalic figuration The second idée fixe has a minor distinction as the backup figurations are indistinguishable. The song is played by woodwind, that joined by the eighth note and tremollando in strings with an increasingly steady and quiet beat. >
