Initial Postings: Your initial post should be based upon the assigned reading for the week, so the textbook must be the primary source utilized and listed in your reference section (and properly cited within the body of the text. Other sources are not required but feel free to use them if they aid in your discussion. This means that they support the material from the textbook. Do not use other sources to substitute for or replace the textbook. 

Provide a graduate-level response to each of the following questions:

1) Identify the four (4) elements of a “project” as provided within the Kloppenborg definition. How would you describe/define these four elements? How are projects different from ongoing operations? 

2) List and describe four common causes of project failure.

3) Describe and contrast project managers and functional managers.

4) What are the main differences between adaptive (Agile) and predictive (Waterfall) approaches to project management? What is the Hybrid approach?