We can work on Data Mining

Dr. Patrick Haney
Dept. of Information Technology &
School of Computer and Information Sciences
University of the Cumberlands

Chapter 3 Assignment

[Your Name Here]

  1. Obtain one of the data sets available at the UCI Machine Learning Repository and apply as many of the different visualization techniques described in the chapter as possible. The bibliographic notes and book Web site provide pointers to visualization software.
  2. Identify at least two advantages and two disadvantages of using color to visually represent information.
  3. What are the arrangement issues that arise with respect to three-dimensional plots?
  4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using sampling to reduce the number of data objects that need to be displayed. Would simple random sampling (without replacement) be a good approach to sampling? Why or why not?
  5. Describe how you would create visualizations to display information that de-scribes the following types of systems.
    a) Computer networks. Be sure to include both the static aspects of the network, such as connectivity, and the dynamic aspects, such as traffic.
    b) The distribution of specific plant and animal species around the world fora specific moment in time.
    c) The use of computer resources, such as processor time, main memory, and disk, for a set of benchmark database programs.
    d) The change in occupation of workers in a particular country over the last thirty years. Assume that you have yearly information about each person that also includes gender and level of education.
    Be sure to address the following issues:
    • Representation. How will you map objects, attributes, and relation-ships to visual elements?
    • Arrangement. Are there any special considerations that need to be taken into account with respect to how visual elements are displayed? Specific examples might be the choice of viewpoint, the use of transparency, or the separation of certain groups of objects.
    • Selection. How will you handle a large number of attributes and data objects
  6. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of a stem and leaf plot with respect to a standard histogram.
  7. How might you address the problem that a histogram depends on the number and location of the bins?
  8. Describe how a box plot can give information about whether the value of an attribute is symmetrically distributed. What can you say about the symmetry of the distributions of the attributes shown in Figure 3.11?
  9. Compare sepal length, sepal width, petal length, and petal width, using Figure3.12.
  10. Comment on the use of a box plot to explore a data set with four attributes: age, weight, height, and income.
  11. Give a possible explanation as to why most of the values of petal length and width fall in the buckets along the diagonal in Figure 3.9.
  12. Use Figures 3.14 and 3.15 to identify a characteristic shared by the petal width and petal length attributes.
  13. Simple line plots, such as that displayed in Figure 2.12 on page 56, which shows two time series, can be used to effectively display high-dimensional data. For example, in Figure 2.12 it is easy to tell that the frequencies of the two time series are different. What characteristic of time series allows the effective visualization of high-dimensional data?
  14. Describe the types of situations that produce sparse or dense data cubes. Illustrate with examples other than those used in the book.
  15. How might you extend the notion of multidimensional data analysis so that the target variable is a qualitative variable? In other words, what sorts of summary statistics or data visualizations would be of interest?
  16. Construct a data cube from Table 3.14. Is this a dense or sparse data cube? If it is sparse, identify the cells that are empty.
  17. Discuss the differences between dimensionality reduction based on aggregation and dimensionality reduction based on techniques such as PCA and SVD.

Sample Solution

This page of the exposition has 1952 words. Download the full form above. Examine how various talks come to educate our more extensive understanding regarding youth. Youth is impacted by a few main considerations including child rearing, society, history and culture. Of these culture has the most essentialness on a national scale regarding the way a youngster in raised and for giving the points and desires as the kid advances through to adulthood. The term youth alludes to a period from birth to immaturity and speaks to a period during which the body experiences physiological and psychological turn of events. The impression of youth was truly evolved in the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years through instructive speculations that were progressed by logicians, for example, John Locke. This remembered observational thoughts for kid improvement where information is picked up as a matter of fact. Be that as it may, before this were treated as junior grown-ups and were regularly misused. In any case, later twentieth century savants, for example, Philippe Ariès have proposed that youth is certifiably not a characteristic event however an idea designed by society and which he expounded on in his book “Hundreds of years of Childhood”. Culture alludes to the ways of life, social conduct and personality of a general public, mirroring the customs of a spot. Everybody’s personality is based around the way of life in which they have been raised, where individuals can characterize themselves in a network and decide to characterize themselves around others. In youth, youngsters learn through watching, testing and speaking with others inside their social condition and are in this manner intensely affected by the network. The word ‘culture’ is difficult to characterize as not every person has a similar childhood, not every person has precisely the same culture, because of contrasts in confidence, convictions, language and society. In spite of the fact that individuals see the world in comparable manners, it isn’t generally equivalent to they are educated. The world is getting progressively increasingly differing, “it’s eternity” (Whitebook refered to in Diaz Soto, 2000: 143). It is that distinction in networks, in social orders which challenge individuals. In the event that there was little decent variety youngsters would not comprehend or find out about the significance of assorted variety. It is the acknowledgment and regard for various traditions and conventions that offers ascend to the term multiculturism, which takes into consideration the serene conjunction of various societies in close limits. Culture to many individuals intends to be conventional, and to numerous it is imperative to keep up a particular customary lifestyle. A few people gain their living from the way of life the world expects and thinks they have and subsequently trust it is imperative to keep up their way of life. Individuals can conceal their advanced culture to imagine culture is as yet equivalent to their chronicled culture. Nonetheless, culture isn’t shallow. Social anthropologists are prepared in the translation of account, custom and emblematic conduct to help recognize patterns. Culture can be utilized to take a gander at the advancement of society inside a network, in light of the degree of modernity, which can offer ascent to class-based qualifications. In this regard the job of training is significant as it is clear that better instruction offers ascend to increasingly refined degrees of culture. Cozy connections acquaint small kids with the social apparatuses (Vygotsky) through which their insight and comprehension develop and language creates. Language is sharing information, aptitudes and understanding, and in this manner creates individual character all through youth. Significant approach inquiries regarding the spot of culture in youth programs have been inquired. This is additionally significant with respect to the capacity of youth programs in the day by day lives of small kids, families and networks. In this manner, ‘instruction for all’ objectives can’t be executed in a vacuum, without representing the particular conditions of kids. Varieties in youngsters’ turn of events and learning are molded by social qualities, just as by monetary and basic disparities. This strain is particularly clear with regards to fast social change and movement, particularly for minority bunch youngsters experiencing childhood in intricate, pluralistic social orders. Under these conditions kids experience contending qualities and desires, and are in this way at more serious danger of instructive rejection. Hardman’s theory depicts how she sees ‘kids as individuals to be concentrated in their own right, and not similarly as repositories of grown-up instructing’. In this way, Hardman proposes that kids ‘existed inside a different subculture, and had their own specific manners of reasoning, their own perspectives, and their own social understandings as games and rhymes’ (Barnes and Kehily, p37). Aries did the principal chronicled orderly investigation of youth. Up until genuinely late occasions a noteworthy extent of babies didn’t make due to adulthood – the greater part of the youngster populace being lost in numerous social orders because of hunger and sickness. Aries guessed that high baby mortality made it hard for guardians to get excessively close or appended to their kids, or to ‘sentimentalize’ them, on the off chance that they were to endure extraordinary enthusiastic agony on losing them. Ariès investigate uncovered that the term ‘adolescence’ first showed up and was created inside the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years. His exploration produced incredible enthusiasm for the historical backdrop of adolescence among history specialists, sociologists and therapists. A more extensive gander at the historical backdrop of youth has been embraced by Cunningham, who indicated that from the eighteenth century onwards ‘a mass of private life’ was raised between the family and the more extensive society (Cunningham, 1995: 5), with network friendliness on the melt away. For Cunningham, Ariès was more keen on youth than in youngsters, and in ‘family’ more as a thought (on the same page: 6). Much youngster brain science (.g. Piaget) holds that there are phases of improvement through which all youngsters must go towards adulthood. Be that as it may, conversely, in numerous settings adolescence has been reduced, permitting no chance of a youth of the sort we routinely underestimate. Lowe, focuses to a similarly ongoing glorification of youth as depicted in books, films and on TV, where ‘adolescence’ itself experienced a social redefinition. In Britain, during the Industrial Revolution, “youth implied various things in contrasting areas, contingent on specific nearby examples of industrialisation” (Lowe, 2004: 68). Manufacturing plant proprietors saw the chance of increasing a modest work power from the prospering towns. A large number of youthful stranded kids were taken significant distances from their homes and kept in close to jail like conditions for extended periods of modern work. Day to day environments were packed and unfortunate, with horrifying endurance rates. A moderately new ‘development’ of the kid was started during the nineteenth century, where the kid was viewed as the object of pity or generosity. Reformers, for example, Robert Peel and William Wilberforce, frightened at youngsters’ conditions, helped start government enactment to ensure the kid. Numerous Acts of Parliament made it harder for corrupt businesses to misuse kids. This was the first genuine commitment of the state in quite a while current structure with youngsters. By controlling the conditions and setting least gauges, the state turned into the referee of youngsters’ prosperity. Well known training was seemingly determined as much by an assurance to force a social control as by any soul of good cause, as featured by Lowe who expressed “most likely no occurrence that ordinary hours, accommodation to the requests of the chime, and the prepared acknowledgment of an arrangement of remunerations and discipline.” (Lowe, 2004:68). The spread of mass/all inclusive tutoring had various impacts. It empowered youth to be seen as a lot of stages through which youngsters advanced normally including nursery, baby, junior and auxiliary training. Such tutoring included a normalization of adolescence. Hence, it turned out to be progressively simple to recognize ‘formats’ of youth, to which ‘layout’ arrangements c ould then be applied and empowered the gendering of adolescence. In this way, we see a for all time changed perspective on the manners by which the State should manage the kid. “Since the 1880s organizations have showed up which are profoundly persuasive in deciding society’s perspective on youth” (Lowe, 2004:68), and the scope of zones where the State has felt it fitting to intercede towards kids has extended significantly. The social setting of youth is significant and has been utilized to put the general situation of the youngster in the public arena, and how they see the adolescence of the kid. As society turns out to be progressively multiracial, multilingual, and multicultural, so too develops the requirement for the capacities of teachers to help the advancement of youngsters by imparting in them the devices they have to live respectively consciously and rise up to preference. Instructors and analysts have been approached to reconsider associations with the individuals who are more youthful in manners that perceive office, voice, and complex ways of life just as a proceeded with battle for social equity. The significance of tuning in to kids and review them as dynamic social specialists has been featured. This has brought about an assessment of the force connections and perspectives on kids as specialists in their day by day lives. A kid’s worth changes across societies and social classes, ages and families consider improvement to be reliant on the social and social encounters of the youngster, not as an all inclusive and unvarying procedure. The movement of kids is controlled by their encounters, the collaborations they have with others and what their networks see as typical and suitable turn of events. Culture and social setting impact the youth worldview, where it more tha>

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