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A.
Identify and analyze, at least five topics covered during the course that you may apply to your personal life, your professional job, or a business enterprise. Consider yourself as a business entity for which you, as a CEO/Owner strive to maximize your productivity and profitability. You need to provide at least three academic and two business references. Your answer to this question may not exceed 10 double space pages, excluding cover page, and references. There is no minimum number of pages since the focus is on quality rather than quantity. Use AP style and format. (50 points)
B.

1. Given the information below, perform the following required tasks for HES, Inc.: (100 points) Prepare a monthly master budget for HES, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2020, including the following schedules: Sales Budget & Schedule of Cash Receipts, Production Budget, Direct Materials Budget & Schedule of Cash Disbursements, Direct Labor Budget, Manufacturing Overhead Budget, Ending Finished Goods Inventory Budget, Selling and Administrative Expense Budget, and Cash Budget. (25 pts)
2. Prepare a budgeted income statement and a budgeted statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2021, using absorption costing. (25 pts)
3. Prepare a budgeted balance sheet at December 31, 2020. (25 pts)
4. Prepare a budgeted income statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, using variable costing. Assume the per unit variable cost for 2019 was $7.0520. (25 pts)

Master Budget Case: HES, Inc.
HES, Inc. is a company that manufactures and sells a single product, which they call a Smarty. For planning and control purposes they utilize a monthly master budget, which is usually developed at least six months in advance of the budget year. Their fiscal year end is December 31.
During the spring of 2019, Jack, the HES, Inc. controllers, spent considerable time with Andrea, the Managers of Marketing, putting together a sales forecast for the next budget years. Unfortunately, they submitted their resignation and a sales forecast to the President Council of HES, Inc. Connor.
Their sales forecast consisted of these few lines:
• For the year ended December 31, 2019: 575,000 units at $11.00 each*
• For the year ended December 31, 2020: 600,000 units at $11.00 each
• For the year ended December 31, 2021: 600,000 units at $11.00 each
*Consider expected sales for the year ended December 31, 2019 are based on actual sales to date and budgeted sales for the duration of the year.
The President, desperately needing the budget completed, has approached you, a graduate management accounting student, for help in preparing the budget for the coming fiscal year. Your conversations with the president and your investigations of the company’s records have revealed the following information:

1. Peak months for sales correspond with gift-giving holidays. History shows that January, March, May and June are the slowest months with only 1% of sales for each month. Sales pick up over the summer with July, August and September each contributing 2% to the total. Valentine’s Day in February boosts sales to 5%, and Easter in April accounts for 10%. As Christmas shopping picks up momentum, winter sales start at 15% in October, move to 20% in November and then peak at 40% in December. This pattern of sales is not expected to change in the next two years.
2. From previous experience, management has determined that an ending inventory equal to 25% of the next month’s sales is required to fit the buyer’s demands.
3. Because sales are seasonal, HES, Inc. must rent an additional storage facility from September to December to house the additional inventory on hand. The only related cost is a flat $20,000 per month, payable at the beginning of the month.
4. There is only one type of raw material used in the production of Smartys. Space-age acrylic (SAA) is a very compact material that is purchased in powder form. Each Smarty requires 5 kilograms of SAA, at a cost of $0.45 per kilogram. The supplier of SAA tends to be somewhat erratic so HES, Inc. finds it necessary to maintain an inventory balance equal to 40% of the following month’s production needs as a precaution against stock-outs. HES, Inc. pays for 20% of a month’s purchases in the month of purchase, 45% in the following month and the remaining 35% two months after the month of purchase. There is no early payment discount.
5. Beginning accounts payable will consist of $208,406.50 arising from the following estimated direct material purchases for November and December of 2019:
   SAA purchases in November 2019: $223,875.0
   SAA purchases in December 2019 $162,563.50
6. HES, Inc. manufacturing process is highly automated, so their direct labor cost is low. Employees are paid on a per unit basis. Their total pay each month is, therefore, dependent on production volumes and averages $9.50 per hour. This rate already includes the employer’s portion of employee benefits. All payroll costs are paid in the period in which they are incurred.
   Each unit spends a total of 18 minutes in production.
7. Due to the similarity of the equipment in each of the production stages and the company’s concentration on a single product, manufacturing overhead is allocated based on volume (i.e. the units produced). The unit variable overhead manufacturing rate is $1.40, consisting
   of: Utilities–$0.65; Indirect Materials–$0.25; Plant maintenance–$0.30; environmental fee– $0.14; and Other–$0.06.
8. The fixed manufacturing overhead costs for the entire year are as follows:
9. Selling and administrative expenses are known to be a mixed cost; however, there is a lot of uncertainty about the portion that is fixed. Previous years’ experience has provided the following information:
   Lowest level of sales: 375,000 units Total Operating Expenses: $878,710
   Highest level of sales: 750,000 units Total Operating Expenses: $1,122,460
   These costs are paid in the month in which they occur. Not included in the above expenses is bad debt expense.
10. Sales are on a cash and credit basis, with 60% collected during the month of the sale, 30% the following month, and 9.5% the month thereafter. 1⁄2 of 1% of sales are considered uncollectible (bad debt expense).
11. Sales in November and December 2019 are expected to be $750,000 and $1,600,000 respectively. Based on the above collection pattern this will result in Accounts Receivable of $703,250 at December 31, 2019 which will be collected in January and February 2020.
12. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, HES, Inc. will be required to make monthly income tax installment payments of $5,000. Outstanding income taxes from the year ended December 31, 2019 must be paid in April 2020. Income tax expense is estimated to be 25% of net income. Income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2019, in excess of installment payments, will be paid in April 2020.
13. HES, Inc. is planning to acquire additional manufacturing equipment for $240,000 cash. 45% of this amount is to be paid in November 2020, the rest, in December 2020. The manufacturing overhead costs shown above already include the amortization on this equipment.
14. An arrangement has been made with the local bank that if HES, Inc. maintains a minimum balance of $20,000 in their bank account, they will be given a line of credit at a preferred rate of 6% per annum. All borrowing is considered to happen on the first day of the month, repayments are on the last day of the month. All borrowings and repayments from the bank should be in multiples of $1,000 and interest must be paid at the end of each month. Interest is calculated on the balance at the beginning of the month, which includes any amounts borrowed that month.
15. HES, Inc. has a policy of paying dividends at the end of each quarter. The president tells you that the board of directors is planning on continuing their policy of declaring dividends of $60,000 per quarter.
16. A listing of the estimated balances in the company’s ledger accounts as of December 31, 2019 is given below:

Sample Solution