Case StudyâAssessing the Issue of Patient Privacy
Beth is a recent graduate of an allied health program at the local community college. While in school she had taken a course from a professor who she really admired and liked. In her first job out of school as a registration clerk at the hospitalâs clinic, she happened to be assigned the professor to register as an outpatient for radiation therapy for a recently diagnosed cancer treatment. The two chatted as Beth input the professorâs information into the hospitalâs EHR system. They talked about the course and how much Beth liked the course and the professor as a teacher. Beth thought about the professor all day and felt terrible to learn the Professor was being treated for cancer. She knew many of her classmates also liked the professor, so after work she decided to contact her friends about the professor and suggest they send the professor a card. Beth shared the professorâs home address.
Assess what Beth has done in terms of the privacy, confidentiality and security of the professorâs health information. Why shouldnât Beth share the information with her classmates?
Scenario 2
Jan Geisler is the HIM director at Hillside Medical Center. The administration at Hillside has just approved the budget which includes a new electronic health record. They assign Jan as the project manager and give her the task of reviewing and selecting the company (vendor) with the EHR that best suits the hospitalâs needs. Jan immediately thinks of her college roommate Ana. Ana also majored in HIM and now works for a large EHR vendor in California. Jan sends a quick email to Ana to catch up and asks about her companyâs EHR system. Ana responds immediately with updated pictures of her family and some general information about the EHR her company sells. Ana offers for her company to fly Jan to California so she can see the system and have a live demonstration. As an added bonus, Ana cannot wait to see her friend, take her to dinner and catch up. Jan goes to California and enjoys her time with Ana, but she is a little disappointed with the EHR system. She just doesnât think it will meet the needs of her hospital. Jan has a meeting with the chief information officer today and is expected to present her recommendations. She feels obligated to recommend Anaâs company but she also has major concerns about their product.
- What ethical issues can be found in Janâs investigation of an EHRs?
- Was it a conflict of interest for Jan to do business with her personal friend Ana?
- Using the ethical decision making model found in this chapter, analyze the scenario and recommend a decision.
Ethics Scenario
Terri Schiavo was a woman in a persistent vegetative state following a cardiac arrest in 1990. She died in 2005 after her feeding tube was withdrawn per court order. At the center of the dispute were Terriâs husband, who asked the courts for removal of the feeding tube, and her parents and siblings, who objected to the removal. This case presents a legal and ethical situation relating to the separation of powers among the judicial, legislative and executive branches of government. Both the Florida legislature and the US Congress intervened in the Schiavo court battle by creating laws that were signed by the governor and president, respectively, to compel reinsertion of the feeding tube. These laws were ruled to be unconstitutional intrusions in judicial matters and the decisions of the courts, supporting removal of the feeding tube, eventually prevailed. (Note: This case is addressed in chapter 8 of the text.)
- What is the purpose of the separation of powers concept?
- What forces are at play that led to an ethical tension in this situation?
- Setting aside personal beliefs about the removal of a feeding tube and the death that will follow, do you believe the courts should have considered the laws passed by both the Florida legislature and the US Congress?
Ethics Scenario
A health record technician has brought a patientâs record to the attention of the HIM director because the technician feels there are some suspicious sections in the record where the physician did not document certain treatments or purposes for treatment which may have led to an adverse outcome suffered by the patient. The HIM director has reviewed the record and agrees with the technician that a potential adverse event may have occurred. Subsequently, the physician recognizes he should have been more specific in documenting the patientâs care. He is now asking the HIM director, who is a personal friend, to let him add additional documentation to the patientâs record, which has since been placed on legal hold.
- Since the director is a friend of the physician and knows he should have been more specific in his documentation, should the HIM director allow the physician access to the record to add the documentation? Why or why not?
Sample Solution
Dynamic 68 undergrad female understudies from an average sized state school were enrolled through an exploration cooperation pool (PIPER) to look at the impacts of menstrual unthinkable on women’s activist personality and self-externalization. Women’s activist character was evaluated through a scale referencing the cardinal convictions of women’s activists just as tolerating the name of a women’s activist. Self-generalization was surveyed through a scale estimating Body Shame, Body Surveillance, and Appearance Control Beliefs. In spite of the fact that we had a great deal of members acknowledge the cardinal convictions of a women’s activist and acknowledge the mark there was no critical impact of women’s activist personality on self-generalization, which means the individuals who agreed with women’s activist center convictions were not less inclined to self-typify because of menstrual unthinkable. Past writing proposes that women’s activist personality can repudiate taboos against ladies. Numerous investigations have utilized comparative matured female members albeit numerous past examinations have not analyzed the impacts of feminine cycle unthinkable on women’s activist character and self-externalization on ladies. Future research may think about directing this analysis over a bigger populace to give greater assorted variety in the outcomes. How Feminists View Menstrual Taboo Messages For what reason is a characteristic part of ladies’ lives thought to be socially unsatisfactory? Monthly cycle is a characteristic real capacity experienced by numerous ladies however for reasons unknown it is continually forbidden and connected with negative assumptions. Regular ladies are looked with this injury and are at last compelled to veil a significant piece of the female personality. Despite the fact that it ought to be seen as a characteristic and positive experience, society regularly condemns it prompting structure negative marks of shame around the experience which makes ladies self-externalize. Lamentably this is by all accounts the case around the world, where one society is vilifying monthly cycle as well as a high larger part are. To negate this thought, there are ladies who recognize as women’s activists to challenge these unthinkable thoughts related with feminine cycle. Because of this, are ladies who recognize as women’s activists less inclined to self-externalize in reference to feminine cycle? Monthly cycle is frequently avoided everybody in spite of the fact that it is a characteristic piece of female life both socially and socially. Ladies shroud menstration physically yet additionally cease from talking about it. This will in general be an undesirable point of discussion due to the uneasiness and sicken it causes numerous individuals. These hidden elements cause the point to be something that is infrequently spoken about. The unthinkable related with monthly cycle is more conspicuous and energetic than some other forbidden connected to other substantial capacities experienced by either sex (Roberts and Waters, 2004). Crosswise over different social orders monthly cycle is viewed as a defiled procedure. Frequently when ladies are bleeding they are taken a gander at with disrespect. So also to on the off chance that one was participating in something that was poisonous to the remainder of society. The two people see discharging ladies as such. In certain locales of the nation ladies are viewed as unclean during their time bleeding. In explicit cases, ladies can’t participate in day by day exercises since they are discharging. All through our general public there is a typical absence of information about period. There are additionally an absence of assets required for appropriate cleanliness during times of feminine cycle. These elements lead to an absence of comprehension about what the period procedure really is. Dread is created over the theme of monthly cycle on account of the different misinterpretations that encompass it. Ads and plugs are incredibly affected by the elevated amounts of dread and disgrace joined to the monthly cycle. This makes them need anything applicable to genuine encounters and frequently support mystery around discharging. Ways this is passed on incorporate, underlining no spillage and utilizing fluids that aren’t red to show blood. With all these web based life impacts, there is a reliable degree of monthly cycle forbidden in light of the fact that individuals are being presented and prepared to imagine that feminine cycle ought to be stayed discreet and they are regularly persuaded something contrary to what genuine ladies experience during period. The forbidden around monthly cycle proceeds due to the absense of instruction, sensible advancement and assets. This leads the degree of mystery to ascend around feminine cycle. This backings the face that in various social orders far and wide, feminine cycle is required to be managed peacefully accentuating the way that is it socially unsatisfactory. Research demonstrates that these menstrual taboos effectsly affect ladies, explicitly their probability to self-externalize. One article investigated the menstrual information and forbidden ads and their impacts on self-typification. The scientists found that the lower level of menstrual information a lady had the more probable they were to self generalize. They additionally discovered that ladies with negative frames of mind toward feminine cycle were bound to self typify than those with uplifting mentalities (Spadaro et al. 2017). In this examination, specialists analyzed the impact of presenting ladies to plugs that showed feminine cycle unthinkable on self-generalization. They directed the degree of menstrual information in this examination. They observed their to be social contrasts among Italian and Swedish members. Italian ladies were bound to self-externalize in the wake of being presented to the promotions were swedish ladies were not as liable to self-generalize subsequent to being presented to the notices. The taboos encompassing period can luckily be negated by ladies who bolster women’s activist convictions. One examination on this point investigated framing a superior comprehension of the connection between women’s activist recognizable proof and sexuality by breaking down the mentalities of women’s activist libertarian and non women’s activist ladies. Analysts additionally discovered that women’s activists were fundamentally more erotophilic than egalitarians and non women’s activists (Bay-Cheng and Zucker,2007). Translating this would recommend that women’s activists usually have increasingly positive input toward sexual improvements and they are more averse to help customary sexual twofold measures. The discoveries of this investigation propose that women’s activists do have balancing convictions with standard qualities. Besides, women’s activists reactions to sexual boosts could legitimately affect their reactions to the manner in which period is depicted in the media. Another examination inspected the connection among women’s liberation and different clinical results with respect to a few factors where members reacted to an online overview estimating women’s activist self-distinguishing proof, adjustment to ladylike standards, externalized body cognizance, and so on. Through their investigation they reasoned that women’s activist personality was adversely corresponded with body disgrace and reconnaissance abilities from the OBCS (Hurt et al., 2007). This investigation separated self-typification into two parts; body same and reconnaissance abilities. A significant finding from this investigation incorporated that dismissing certain ladylike standards may diminish the sum one self-generalizes. This straightforwardly identifies with why we picked women’s activist way of life as our mediator for self-typification when people are presented to forbidden versus non-unthinkable ads. This asset surveys the factors which attempt to connect the hole between women’s activist character and self-generalization. This article features women’s activist character alongside women’s activist center convictions. Myers and Crowther, 2007 broke down how women’s activist personality could be a directing component sociocultural weights, slender perfect disguise, self-externalization and body disappointment. Like our examination women’s activist convictions were utilized as the mediator yet it this investigation women’s activist convictions were utilized to direct the connection between sociocultural weights on dainty perfect and body disappointment. 195 female students finished self-report measures evaluating socio social impacts, women’s activist convictions, slim perfect disguise, self-generalization and body disappointment (Myers and Crowther, 2007). The discoveries of this investigation are important on the grounds that women’s activist convictions had a directing impact on the connection between media mindfulness and meager perfect disguise. It was speculated that women’s activist personality can affect the manner in which ladies see ads making them be less inclined to self-generalize which is bolstered by the discoveries in the examination finished by Myers and Crowther, 2007). Women’s activist character can be taken a gander at as an incredible asset differentiating the negative generalizations and marks of disgrace encompassing ladies. Sabik and Tylka, 2006, explicitly investigated women’s activist recognize and its impact against misogynist occasions toward misshaped eating. Utilizing progressive directed relapse, the investigation discovered two sorts of women’s activist character; combination and dynamic duty (Sabik and Tylka, 2006). These two out of the five women’s activist personality styles they assessed were the main ones that influenced the connection between cluttered eating and accepted misogynist occasions. The outcomes found that non-women’s activist ladies were affected more noteworthy by misogynist occasions than women’s activist ladies, which means non-women’s activist ladies receied increasingly mental misery when looked with chauvinist occasions. This is useful in light of the fact that women’s activist awareness were demonstrated to be a one of a kind factor that could debilitate the connection between chauvinist occasions and mental pain. So as to explain and propel the discoveries of past investigations, we will quantify Feminist Identity utilizing the Feminist Beliefs and Behavior scale (Zucker, 2004). The scale contains three things about the cardinal convictions of women’s activists replied in a yes/no arrangement pursued by one dichotomous inquiry to get to the members’ ability to recognize as a women’s activist. Instances of things incorporate, “Young ladies and ladies have not been treated just as young men and men in our general public” and “Ladies and men ought to be paid similarly for a similar work”. Members will reply to every thing in a dichotomous, yes/>
Dynamic 68 undergrad female understudies from an average sized state school were enrolled through an exploration cooperation pool (PIPER) to look at the impacts of menstrual unthinkable on women’s activist personality and self-externalization. Women’s activist character was evaluated through a scale referencing the cardinal convictions of women’s activists just as tolerating the name of a women’s activist. Self-generalization was surveyed through a scale estimating Body Shame, Body Surveillance, and Appearance Control Beliefs. In spite of the fact that we had a great deal of members acknowledge the cardinal convictions of a women’s activist and acknowledge the mark there was no critical impact of women’s activist personality on self-generalization, which means the individuals who agreed with women’s activist center convictions were not less inclined to self-typify because of menstrual unthinkable. Past writing proposes that women’s activist personality can repudiate taboos against ladies. Numerous investigations have utilized comparative matured female members albeit numerous past examinations have not analyzed the impacts of feminine cycle unthinkable on women’s activist character and self-externalization on ladies. Future research may think about directing this analysis over a bigger populace to give greater assorted variety in the outcomes. How Feminists View Menstrual Taboo Messages For what reason is a characteristic part of ladies’ lives thought to be socially unsatisfactory? Monthly cycle is a characteristic real capacity experienced by numerous ladies however for reasons unknown it is continually forbidden and connected with negative assumptions. Regular ladies are looked with this injury and are at last compelled to veil a significant piece of the female personality. Despite the fact that it ought to be seen as a characteristic and positive experience, society regularly condemns it prompting structure negative marks of shame around the experience which makes ladies self-externalize. Lamentably this is by all accounts the case around the world, where one society is vilifying monthly cycle as well as a high larger part are. To negate this thought, there are ladies who recognize as women’s activists to challenge these unthinkable thoughts related with feminine cycle. Because of this, are ladies who recognize as women’s activists less inclined to self-externalize in reference to feminine cycle? Monthly cycle is frequently avoided everybody in spite of the fact that it is a characteristic piece of female life both socially and socially. Ladies shroud menstration physically yet additionally cease from talking about it. This will in general be an undesirable point of discussion due to the uneasiness and sicken it causes numerous individuals. These hidden elements cause the point to be something that is infrequently spoken about. The unthinkable related with monthly cycle is more conspicuous and energetic than some other forbidden connected to other substantial capacities experienced by either sex (Roberts and Waters, 2004). Crosswise over different social orders monthly cycle is viewed as a defiled procedure. Frequently when ladies are bleeding they are taken a gander at with disrespect. So also to on the off chance that one was participating in something that was poisonous to the remainder of society. The two people see discharging ladies as such. In certain locales of the nation ladies are viewed as unclean during their time bleeding. In explicit cases, ladies can’t participate in day by day exercises since they are discharging. All through our general public there is a typical absence of information about period. There are additionally an absence of assets required for appropriate cleanliness during times of feminine cycle. These elements lead to an absence of comprehension about what the period procedure really is. Dread is created over the theme of monthly cycle on account of the different misinterpretations that encompass it. Ads and plugs are incredibly affected by the elevated amounts of dread and disgrace joined to the monthly cycle. This makes them need anything applicable to genuine encounters and frequently support mystery around discharging. Ways this is passed on incorporate, underlining no spillage and utilizing fluids that aren’t red to show blood. With all these web based life impacts, there is a reliable degree of monthly cycle forbidden in light of the fact that individuals are being presented and prepared to imagine that feminine cycle ought to be stayed discreet and they are regularly persuaded something contrary to what genuine ladies experience during period. The forbidden around monthly cycle proceeds due to the absense of instruction, sensible advancement and assets. This leads the degree of mystery to ascend around feminine cycle. This backings the face that in various social orders far and wide, feminine cycle is required to be managed peacefully accentuating the way that is it socially unsatisfactory. Research demonstrates that these menstrual taboos effectsly affect ladies, explicitly their probability to self-externalize. One article investigated the menstrual information and forbidden ads and their impacts on self-typification. The scientists found that the lower level of menstrual information a lady had the more probable they were to self generalize. They additionally discovered that ladies with negative frames of mind toward feminine cycle were bound to self typify than those with uplifting mentalities (Spadaro et al. 2017). In this examination, specialists analyzed the impact of presenting ladies to plugs that showed feminine cycle unthinkable on self-generalization. They directed the degree of menstrual information in this examination. They observed their to be social contrasts among Italian and Swedish members. Italian ladies were bound to self-externalize in the wake of being presented to the promotions were swedish ladies were not as liable to self-generalize subsequent to being presented to the notices. The taboos encompassing period can luckily be negated by ladies who bolster women’s activist convictions. One examination on this point investigated framing a superior comprehension of the connection between women’s activist recognizable proof and sexuality by breaking down the mentalities of women’s activist libertarian and non women’s activist ladies. Analysts additionally discovered that women’s activists were fundamentally more erotophilic than egalitarians and non women’s activists (Bay-Cheng and Zucker,2007). Translating this would recommend that women’s activists usually have increasingly positive input toward sexual improvements and they are more averse to help customary sexual twofold measures. The discoveries of this investigation propose that women’s activists do have balancing convictions with standard qualities. Besides, women’s activists reactions to sexual boosts could legitimately affect their reactions to the manner in which period is depicted in the media. Another examination inspected the connection among women’s liberation and different clinical results with respect to a few factors where members reacted to an online overview estimating women’s activist self-distinguishing proof, adjustment to ladylike standards, externalized body cognizance, and so on. Through their investigation they reasoned that women’s activist personality was adversely corresponded with body disgrace and reconnaissance abilities from the OBCS (Hurt et al., 2007). This investigation separated self-typification into two parts; body same and reconnaissance abilities. A significant finding from this investigation incorporated that dismissing certain ladylike standards may diminish the sum one self-generalizes. This straightforwardly identifies with why we picked women’s activist way of life as our mediator for self-typification when people are presented to forbidden versus non-unthinkable ads. This asset surveys the factors which attempt to connect the hole between women’s activist character and self-generalization. This article features women’s activist character alongside women’s activist center convictions. Myers and Crowther, 2007 broke down how women’s activist personality could be a directing component sociocultural weights, slender perfect disguise, self-externalization and body disappointment. Like our examination women’s activist convictions were utilized as the mediator yet it this investigation women’s activist convictions were utilized to direct the connection between sociocultural weights on dainty perfect and body disappointment. 195 female students finished self-report measures evaluating socio social impacts, women’s activist convictions, slim perfect disguise, self-generalization and body disappointment (Myers and Crowther, 2007). The discoveries of this investigation are important on the grounds that women’s activist convictions had a directing impact on the connection between media mindfulness and meager perfect disguise. It was speculated that women’s activist personality can affect the manner in which ladies see ads making them be less inclined to self-generalize which is bolstered by the discoveries in the examination finished by Myers and Crowther, 2007). Women’s activist character can be taken a gander at as an incredible asset differentiating the negative generalizations and marks of disgrace encompassing ladies. Sabik and Tylka, 2006, explicitly investigated women’s activist recognize and its impact against misogynist occasions toward misshaped eating. Utilizing progressive directed relapse, the investigation discovered two sorts of women’s activist character; combination and dynamic duty (Sabik and Tylka, 2006). These two out of the five women’s activist personality styles they assessed were the main ones that influenced the connection between cluttered eating and accepted misogynist occasions. The outcomes found that non-women’s activist ladies were affected more noteworthy by misogynist occasions than women’s activist ladies, which means non-women’s activist ladies receied increasingly mental misery when looked with chauvinist occasions. This is useful in light of the fact that women’s activist awareness were demonstrated to be a one of a kind factor that could debilitate the connection between chauvinist occasions and mental pain. So as to explain and propel the discoveries of past investigations, we will quantify Feminist Identity utilizing the Feminist Beliefs and Behavior scale (Zucker, 2004). The scale contains three things about the cardinal convictions of women’s activists replied in a yes/no arrangement pursued by one dichotomous inquiry to get to the members’ ability to recognize as a women’s activist. Instances of things incorporate, “Young ladies and ladies have not been treated just as young men and men in our general public” and “Ladies and men ought to be paid similarly for a similar work”. Members will reply to every thing in a dichotomous, yes/>
