Download and respond to the article âAmerican Shoemakerâ by John Commons.
-Discuss the transition from a society where itinerants and âbespokeâ shops were the most common form of
production to a society where most production was in a factory setting. This is a difficult article to absorb which
is why it is being released to you in advance. You may need to read it several times to fully understand the
process that Commons is describing.
Sample Solution
calculating, but again todayâs world has developed (Frowe (2011), Page 54-6). Furthermore, Vittola argues war is necessary, not only for defensive purposes, âsince it is lawful to resist force with force,â but also to fight against the unjust, an offensive war, nations which are not punished for acting unjustly towards its own people or have unjustly taken land from the home nation (Begby et al (2006b), Page 310&313); to âteach its enemies a lesson,â but mainly to achieve the aim of war. This validates Aristotleâs argument: âthere must be war for the sake of peace (Aristotle (1996), Page 187). However, Frowe argues âself-defenceâ has a plurality of descriptions, seen in Chapter 1, showing that self-defence cannot always justify oneâs actions. Even more problematic, is the case of self-defence in war, where two conflicting views are established: The Collectivists, a whole new theory and the Individualists, the continuation of the domestic theory of self-defence (Frowe (2011), Page 9& 29-34). More importantly, Frowe refutes Vittolaâs view on vengeance because firstly it empowers the punisherâs authority, but also todayâs world prevents this action between countries through legal bodies like the UN, since we have modernised into a relatively peaceful society (Frowe (2011), Page 80-1). Most importantly, Frowe further refutes Vittola through his claim that âright intention cannot be used as an excuse to wage war in response to anticipated wrong,â suggesting we cannot just harm another just because they have done something unjust. Other factors need to be considered, for example, Proportionality.>
calculating, but again todayâs world has developed (Frowe (2011), Page 54-6). Furthermore, Vittola argues war is necessary, not only for defensive purposes, âsince it is lawful to resist force with force,â but also to fight against the unjust, an offensive war, nations which are not punished for acting unjustly towards its own people or have unjustly taken land from the home nation (Begby et al (2006b), Page 310&313); to âteach its enemies a lesson,â but mainly to achieve the aim of war. This validates Aristotleâs argument: âthere must be war for the sake of peace (Aristotle (1996), Page 187). However, Frowe argues âself-defenceâ has a plurality of descriptions, seen in Chapter 1, showing that self-defence cannot always justify oneâs actions. Even more problematic, is the case of self-defence in war, where two conflicting views are established: The Collectivists, a whole new theory and the Individualists, the continuation of the domestic theory of self-defence (Frowe (2011), Page 9& 29-34). More importantly, Frowe refutes Vittolaâs view on vengeance because firstly it empowers the punisherâs authority, but also todayâs world prevents this action between countries through legal bodies like the UN, since we have modernised into a relatively peaceful society (Frowe (2011), Page 80-1). Most importantly, Frowe further refutes Vittola through his claim that âright intention cannot be used as an excuse to wage war in response to anticipated wrong,â suggesting we cannot just harm another just because they have done something unjust. Other factors need to be considered, for example, Proportionality.>
