The Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 was passed in 1952. This amendment defined a pharmaceutical as a compound that required a physicianâs prescription before it could be dispensed through a licensed pharmacy. Ephedrine was defined as an over-the-counter agent for the treatment of such conditions as nasal congestion. The CNS stimulatory effects of ephedrine,
especially when this compound was abused by long-distance truck drivers, or students attempting to âcramâ for final examinations, were quietly ignored because these effects were achieved only when ephedrine was ingested in larger-than-recommended doses.
As your text has indicated, however, ephedrine is capable of producing dangerous, potentially life-threatening, side effects. It is also the core molecule that chemists use to manufacture illegal methamphetamine, although its chemical cousin pseudoephedrine is also used for this purpose on occasion. (Pseudoephedrine was originally developed in an attempt to retain the medical action of ephedrine, but to limit its abuse potential. This effort failed.) For a long time methamphetamine for illicit use was produced in small âmom and popâ laboratories for local consumption. With the increasing restrictions on ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, methamphetamine is now usually produced in âsuper-labsâ outside of this country and then smuggled into the US. If the efforts to control methamphetamine production have failed, should the restrictions on access to ephedrine or pseudoephedrine be lifted? Why or why not?
Sample Solution
President Barack Obama left office with superior to average surveys. He is an appealling pioneer that innumerable individuals venerate. Nonetheless, Obama has numerous pundits too: there are clear explanations behind attacking him. Many race-related mobs and assaults occurred during his administration, his withdrawal from troops in Iraq and Afghanistan lead to a further fiasco in the zone, his advancement of the automaton program was morally unsound, and the financial advancement he made during his eight years was generally low. In spite of the fact that Obama was the main African-American U.S. president, and he was viewed as an extension between racial networks, the measure of race uproars and race-related viciousness developed during his two terms. As indicated by the Washington Examiner, “The heritage of Obama spoke to when race-related mobs were on the ascent. We can’t overlook the scenes on TV in Baltimore and Ferguson, or the savagery that ejected after the passings of Oscar Grant, Trayvon Martin, Manuel Diaz, and Kimini Gray. Pictures taken from every one of these occasions looked like battle zones, with police in revolt gear while furious residents consumed autos, crushed windows, and vandalized retail facades” (Vargas, Mark, and Evan Vucci). A portion of the most exceedingly terrible race-related difficulties occurred during his administration, however he ran on a battle of expectation and solidarity. Moreover, as one of Obama’s battle guarantees, he needed to settle the Iraq War and bring home American soldiers. In any case, many state that this arrangement was grievous as far as its long haul impacts. As indicated by the Washington Times, “various previous and current military pioneers who were in power when all U.S. troops left Iraq are stating today that the total leave welcomed the Islamic State’s territory snatch. The appraisal originates from the Army head of staff, a previous Marine commandant, a previous U.S. Headquarters boss, a previous guard secretary and, secretly, from the official presently running the war in Iraq against the Islamic State, otherwise called ISIL and ISIS” (Scarborough, Rowan). Republicans and Democrats can battle all they need over Obama making more anarchy in the district, yet military specialists guarantee an away from of a bumble. Another profoundly petulant demonstration of Obama was his utilization of the automaton program to execute assaults against psychological militants. As per the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, “Obama grasped the US ramble program, administering a bigger number of strikes in his first year than Bush completed during his whole administration. An aggregate of 563 strikes, to a great extent by rambles, directed Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen during Obama’s two terms, contrasted with 57 strikes under Bush. Somewhere in the range of 384 and 807 regular citizens were murdered in those nations, as indicated by reports logged by the Bureau” (Purkiss, Jessica, and Jack Serle). The mass killings of youngsters and noncombatants is an inexcusable blunder of Obama. Despite the fact that Obama acquired a monetary emergency from Bush, he neglected to make critical additions. As expressed by USA Today, “obviously, Obama was beginning from the nadir of the Great Recession, so monetary and work development ought to have been normal. What’s more, numerous financial specialists propose that the expanded duties, difficult guidelines authorized in bills, for example, Dodd-Frank and the Affordable Care Act, just as the recognition that Obama was against business, eased back the monetary recuperation. Regarding financial yield, this was the slowest monetary recuperation since World War II” (Tanner, Michael D.). It is hard to get through a downturn, however it appears Obama didn’t have the right stuff or was not situated effectively to make the increases that were required. Obama is appreciated worldwide for his character and auraâbe that as it may, regardless of his viable strategy making, Obama submitted numerous botches during his administration. Race relations ran wild under his supervision, his pullout of troops in Iraq prodded more noteworthy clash, his automaton program executed many guiltless regular citizens, and he made the most noticeably terrible monetary recuperation since World War II. These variables, and that’s just the beginning, have indicated that Obama was not perhaps the best leader of the U.S.â yet a somewhat average one. Works Cited Vargas, Mark, and Evan Vucci/AP. “The Legacy of Barack Obama (and It’s Not a Good One).” Washington Examiner, 16 Sept. 2018, www.washingtonexaminer.com/sentiment/the-inheritance of-barack-obama-and-it is anything but a-decent one. Scarborough, Rowan. “U.S. Troop Withdrawal Let Islamic State Enter Iraq, Military Leaders Say.” The Washington Times, The Washington Times, 26 July 2015, www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jul/26/us-troop-withdrawal-let-islamic-state-enter-iraq-m/.>
President Barack Obama left office with superior to average surveys. He is an appealling pioneer that innumerable individuals venerate. Nonetheless, Obama has numerous pundits too: there are clear explanations behind attacking him. Many race-related mobs and assaults occurred during his administration, his withdrawal from troops in Iraq and Afghanistan lead to a further fiasco in the zone, his advancement of the automaton program was morally unsound, and the financial advancement he made during his eight years was generally low. In spite of the fact that Obama was the main African-American U.S. president, and he was viewed as an extension between racial networks, the measure of race uproars and race-related viciousness developed during his two terms. As indicated by the Washington Examiner, “The heritage of Obama spoke to when race-related mobs were on the ascent. We can’t overlook the scenes on TV in Baltimore and Ferguson, or the savagery that ejected after the passings of Oscar Grant, Trayvon Martin, Manuel Diaz, and Kimini Gray. Pictures taken from every one of these occasions looked like battle zones, with police in revolt gear while furious residents consumed autos, crushed windows, and vandalized retail facades” (Vargas, Mark, and Evan Vucci). A portion of the most exceedingly terrible race-related difficulties occurred during his administration, however he ran on a battle of expectation and solidarity. Moreover, as one of Obama’s battle guarantees, he needed to settle the Iraq War and bring home American soldiers. In any case, many state that this arrangement was grievous as far as its long haul impacts. As indicated by the Washington Times, “various previous and current military pioneers who were in power when all U.S. troops left Iraq are stating today that the total leave welcomed the Islamic State’s territory snatch. The appraisal originates from the Army head of staff, a previous Marine commandant, a previous U.S. Headquarters boss, a previous guard secretary and, secretly, from the official presently running the war in Iraq against the Islamic State, otherwise called ISIL and ISIS” (Scarborough, Rowan). Republicans and Democrats can battle all they need over Obama making more anarchy in the district, yet military specialists guarantee an away from of a bumble. Another profoundly petulant demonstration of Obama was his utilization of the automaton program to execute assaults against psychological militants. As per the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, “Obama grasped the US ramble program, administering a bigger number of strikes in his first year than Bush completed during his whole administration. An aggregate of 563 strikes, to a great extent by rambles, directed Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen during Obama’s two terms, contrasted with 57 strikes under Bush. Somewhere in the range of 384 and 807 regular citizens were murdered in those nations, as indicated by reports logged by the Bureau” (Purkiss, Jessica, and Jack Serle). The mass killings of youngsters and noncombatants is an inexcusable blunder of Obama. Despite the fact that Obama acquired a monetary emergency from Bush, he neglected to make critical additions. As expressed by USA Today, “obviously, Obama was beginning from the nadir of the Great Recession, so monetary and work development ought to have been normal. What’s more, numerous financial specialists propose that the expanded duties, difficult guidelines authorized in bills, for example, Dodd-Frank and the Affordable Care Act, just as the recognition that Obama was against business, eased back the monetary recuperation. Regarding financial yield, this was the slowest monetary recuperation since World War II” (Tanner, Michael D.). It is hard to get through a downturn, however it appears Obama didn’t have the right stuff or was not situated effectively to make the increases that were required. Obama is appreciated worldwide for his character and auraâbe that as it may, regardless of his viable strategy making, Obama submitted numerous botches during his administration. Race relations ran wild under his supervision, his pullout of troops in Iraq prodded more noteworthy clash, his automaton program executed many guiltless regular citizens, and he made the most noticeably terrible monetary recuperation since World War II. These variables, and that’s just the beginning, have indicated that Obama was not perhaps the best leader of the U.S.â yet a somewhat average one. Works Cited Vargas, Mark, and Evan Vucci/AP. “The Legacy of Barack Obama (and It’s Not a Good One).” Washington Examiner, 16 Sept. 2018, www.washingtonexaminer.com/sentiment/the-inheritance of-barack-obama-and-it is anything but a-decent one. Scarborough, Rowan. “U.S. Troop Withdrawal Let Islamic State Enter Iraq, Military Leaders Say.” The Washington Times, The Washington Times, 26 July 2015, www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jul/26/us-troop-withdrawal-let-islamic-state-enter-iraq-m/.>
