Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was âknocked outâ when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage, the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm.
You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a âkiller headache.â To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following:
1) fracture of the left humerus at the proximal diaphysis,
2) depressed fracture of the occipital bone,
3) fracture of the 3rd lumbar vertebral body.
Short Answer Questions
Define the following terms, used in the case and also in associated questions (1 point each):
hemorrhage
fracture
proximal
diaphysis
One way bones are classified is by their shape. How would you classify the bones fractured by Mrs. Morgan (3 points)?
The body of Mrs. Morganâs vertebra is fractured. What type of bone tissue makes up the majority of the vertebral body (1 point)? Describe the structure and function of this type of bone (2 points).
The diaphysis of Mrs. Morganâs humerus is fractured. What type of bone tissue makes up the majority of the diaphysis of long bones like the humerus (1 point)? List and describe/define the layers (lamellae) of bone tissue found here (3 points).
Most connective tissue, including bone, is highly vascular. Which anatomical structures in Mrs. Morganâs compact bone house blood vessels (2 points)? What sign or symptom in Mrs. Morganâs case is directly related to disruption of these structures by her bone fractures (1 point)? How is the sign or symptom related to these anatomical structures (1 point)?
Within days after a fracture, a âsoft callusâ of fibrocartilage forms. What fibers are found in this type of cartilage (1 point)? Identify the cells required for fibrocartilaginous callus formation and list their functions (2 points).
As a fracture is repaired, new bone is added to the injury site. What term is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue (1 point)? Identify which bone cell is responsible for this process (1 point)and explain how it occurs (2 points).
In the final stage of bone repair, some of the osseous tissue must be broken down and removed. What term is used to define the breaking down of osseous tissue (1 point)? Which bone cell would be best suited for this task (1 point)?
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone is considered to be a composite material made up of organic and inorganic matter. What makes up the organic and inorganic portions of the matrix (2 points)? Describe the cellular mechanism involved in breaking down this matrix; include the bone cell required for the process (2 points).
Sample Solution
the native people and the immigrant who came to trade with the native people. Until today the conflict on the territory which the native and the European people share is unclear as the treaties that were made at the time were not clear to the native people. Treaties are agreements that are made by two groups to make peace between them. In this case, it is between the first nation people and the Europeans settlements. Unceded land is a territory which is a large section of British Columbia, Montreal and other parts of Canada. It is the land that was neither acquired or surrendered to the crown. It is also known as the crown land. The territory belongs to the first nation people who agreed to share it with the Europeans but not to give it up to them. However, the efforts being done to bring the people together and come up with understanding on the unceded territory, the Canadian government has failed as agreed terms on the Royal Proclamation act of 1763. Following that my opinion on the claim about the treaties that werenât clear to the first nation is the government of Canada should compensate and amend or interpret it in a modern way. Solutions should not be from 200 years old âagreementâ between parties that they donât exist anymore. However, The government needs to provide drastic measures so that the treaty rights are more clearly defined. This will help people from both parties to get a clear look of the treaty and a solution can be made thus helping both the aboriginal people and the government as well. Another way of resolving the native issue is to inform and engage the public. People who are Interested should read the historical treaty documents between Cana>
the native people and the immigrant who came to trade with the native people. Until today the conflict on the territory which the native and the European people share is unclear as the treaties that were made at the time were not clear to the native people. Treaties are agreements that are made by two groups to make peace between them. In this case, it is between the first nation people and the Europeans settlements. Unceded land is a territory which is a large section of British Columbia, Montreal and other parts of Canada. It is the land that was neither acquired or surrendered to the crown. It is also known as the crown land. The territory belongs to the first nation people who agreed to share it with the Europeans but not to give it up to them. However, the efforts being done to bring the people together and come up with understanding on the unceded territory, the Canadian government has failed as agreed terms on the Royal Proclamation act of 1763. Following that my opinion on the claim about the treaties that werenât clear to the first nation is the government of Canada should compensate and amend or interpret it in a modern way. Solutions should not be from 200 years old âagreementâ between parties that they donât exist anymore. However, The government needs to provide drastic measures so that the treaty rights are more clearly defined. This will help people from both parties to get a clear look of the treaty and a solution can be made thus helping both the aboriginal people and the government as well. Another way of resolving the native issue is to inform and engage the public. People who are Interested should read the historical treaty documents between Cana>
