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Pathophysiology
Explain how the structure of the plasma membrane influences the movement of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sodium ions (Na+).
Identify the 2 basic processes by which proteins are specified by DNA.
Ms. Rawlins is a 28-year-old alcoholic. She is admitted to the hospital while in labor and delivers a baby girl. What signs of fetal alcohol syndrome would be detectable at birth and during the first year of the child’s life?

Mr. Appel has severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is admitted to the hospital with a respiratory infection and increased dyspnea; yellow, purulent sputum; anxiety; and diaphoresis. He states he feels weak and tired. He routinely takes a diuretic (furosemide) and his pulmonary medications. The following laboratory values are obtained:
Arterial blood gases: pH 7.25; PaO2 60 mmHg; PaCO2 78 mmHg; HCO3– 34 mEq/l
Serum sodium (Na+) 140 mEq/L
Serum potassium (K+) 2.0mEq/L
Serum chloride (Cl–) 105 mEq/L
a. What type of electrolyte imbalance does Mr. Appel have?
b. Interpret his ABGs.