1. Would or could morality still exist if God did not exist? What arguments can be given on either side of the debate? Are the arguments good ones? Discuss the Euthyphro problem and its relevance to answering this question. (If appropriate, discuss the attitudes of Mavrodes and Nielsen.)
2. Are there any basic moral principles that apply to all people, all cultures at all times? What arguments can be given for or against different versions of ethical relativisim? Are the arguments good ones? (If appropriate, discuss the attitudes and arguments given by Pojman.)
3. Does doing the morally right thing ever make a person’s life worse offthan doing the wrong thing? Discuss how this relates to the ethical position of egoism. What arguments can be given in favor of egoism? What arguments can be given against it? Are the arguments good ones? (If appropriate, discuss the attitudes of Hobbes and Rachels.)
4. Does doing the right thing ever lead to worse overall circumstances than doing the wrong thing? Consider this question in light of the ethnical positions of utilitarianism and consequential ism. Discuss the arguments that might be given in favor of consequential ism, and
discuss the positions of Mill and Bentham. What arguments might be given against consequentialism?
5. Could a utilitarian respond to objections regarding justice, fairness and/or integrity? Clearly explain what utilitarianism is, and then discuss the general worries regarding justice, fairness and/or integrity, using specific examples. Then evaluate whether these arguments are convincing, and whether or not a utilitarian can possibly give a response. (If appropriate, discuss the readings by Nielsen and/or Williams.)
6. Can utilitarianism or other moral theory respond to objections regarding the importance of promises? Clearly explain what different moral theories-utilitarianism, various forms of deontology (Kant, Ross)-have to say about the ethics of keeping promises. Do you think any of the theories we’ve discussed does a better job than others in explaining the moral importance of keeping promises? Explain your answer and give examples.
7. Does goodness consist only in obtaining pleasure and avoiding pain? Consider the ethical theory of hedonism and its rivals, and consider arguments against hedonism. What alternative theories about the nature of goodness might be true instead? (If appropriate, discuss the readings by Bentham, Mill, Nozick and/or Parfit.)
8. Is goodness the same as satisfying a desire that someone has? Consider arguments for and against desire satisfactionism in axiology. Is it good when something satisfies one of our desires, even when it brings us no pleasure, or if we don’t even know about it? (If appropriate, discuss the readings by Mill, Nozick and/or Parfit.)
9. For an act to be right, must it be possible to will that everyone act the same way in similar circumstances? Consider Kant’s formulation of the categorical imperative, and arguments for and against it as a characterization of moral rightness. Discuss the readings by Kant and Feldman.
10. Does an act have to be done for the sake of morality, in order to be morally right or have moral worth? Discuss Kant’s position, and contrast with the attitudes held by most utilitarians.

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