HI I need you to answer these question for pharmacology
There is no limit for the words count but in case I will make the order for 850 words
1- 100µg dissolved in 1mL = (answer here )= (answer here ) weight/volume (provide numerical answers)
2- You have a 1mL ampule of a drug with a stock concentration of 400µg/mL. You need to administer 120µg of the drug. The volume (in mL) of the stock preparation you would administer is =( answer here) mL (provide a numerical answer).
3- You have a 5mL ampule of a drug with a stock concentration is 1mg/mL. To administer 100µg/kg to a child weighing 20kg, the amount of the drug you need (in mg) = (answer here)mg. The volume (in mL) of the 1mg/mL stock solution you need to administer = (answer here) mL. (provide a numerical answer)
4- Metabolic Drug Interactions
Drug A has the following phamacokinetic parameters:
Systemic Clearance: 80L/hr
Fraction Unbound in Blood: 0.5
Fraction Excreted unchanged in Urine: 0.02
Determine the impact of similtaneously administering a drug that inhibits the enzymes involved in the metabolism of Drug A on the following pharmacokinetic parameters:
Bioavailability: ( ) increased or essentially unchanged or decreased
Systemic Clearance: ( ) increased or essentially unchanged or decreased
Half-life: ( ) increased or essentially unchanged or decreased
5- Metabolic Drug Interactions
Drug B has the following phamacokinetic parameters:
Systemic Clearance: 3L/hr
Fraction Unbound in Blood: 0.9
Fraction Excreted unchanged in Urine: 0.02
Determine the impact of similtaneously administering a drug that activates the enzymes involved in the metabolism of Drug B on the following pharmacokinetic parameters:
Bioavailability: ( ) increased or essentially unchanged or decreased
Systemic Clearance: ( ) increased or essentially unchanged or decreased
Half-life: ( ) increased or essentially unchanged or decreased
6- Drug F has the following phamacokinetic parameters:
Hepatic clearance (CLH): 60L/hr
Renal Clearance (CLR): 15L/lr
half life (t1/2): 2hr
Calculate the volume of distribution (VD) for this drug (Provide answer in liters (L) as a whole number)
Answer:( answer here )
7- Systemic Clearance Extended Calculation
A pharmaceutical company is developing a new drug ‘FCP-16’ and has just determined the following pharmacokinetic parameters from a Phase I human study:
Fraction unbound (fu): 0.5
Clearance by active secretion (CLsec): 5.4L/hr
Fraction reabsorbed (FR): 0.2
Hepatic Extraction Ratio (EH): 0.1
Question:
Showing all working out, and stating all assumptions, Calculate the total SYSTEMIC CLEARANCE for ‘FCP-16’.
Answer = answer here
8- Adverse Drug Reactions
Sam, a 58-year old male, has been treated with extended release lithium carbonate for the management of bipolar depression for the past 23 years. He has presented to the Emergency Department after experiencing increasingly frequent and severe episodes of dizziness and tremors over the past three days. On presentation, he is found to have a blood pressure of 86/43, and an irregular heart rate of approximately 41bpm. A panel of blood tests are ordered as a component of Sam’s initial diagnosis, the results of which are all normal, except for an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 15mL/min. The clinician concludes that Sam’s symptoms are most likely the result of an adverse drug reaction resulting from his use of lithium carbonate.
Question:
Discuss the factors that are likely to have contributed to Sam’s presentation. (Hint: consider the consequences of long-term lithium use and the mechanism of lithium clearance) (300 words; 3 marks)
answer here
9- Inter-Individual Variability
As a new targeted anti-cancer drug ‘FCIC-15’ enters Phase III clinical trials, it is determined that the drug requires hepatic activation in order to elicit a therapeutic effect. Further studies identify that the sole enzyme involved in the activation of this drug is CYP2C19.
Question:
a) Select ONE specific factor (from the categories environmental, genetic or physiological) that may contribute to inter-individual variability in the activation of ‘FCIC-15’, and explain the potential consequences of this variability in terms of treatment response and tolerability. (200 words; 3 marks)
b) Briefly discuss how this variability may be controlled for in clinical practice. (100 words; 1 mark)
answer= answer here