Establishing Case Definitions.

Answer the questions below. Write your answers in complete sentences.

Although no new cases have been reported in the last 24 hours, you are concerned a second wave of illnesses could happen soon. What method of disease surveillance would you implement to find new cases among the population at risk?
To document and organize the surveillance information, you will need a standard method of collecting data. Create or show an example of a form you would use (a disease report form) to collect information on suspected ill individuals. The form does not need to be complicated but should provide the information you need to determine if a person matches the outbreak case definition and can be used to analyze commonalities in terms of person, place and time. All state health departments will have an example of a generic disease (morbidity) report form.
Based on the limited information at this point of the investigation, what do you believe is the agent causing the illnesses? List what you believe are possible agents (specific bacteria, toxin, virus) of the GI illness among the ill residents. To state you believe the agent is a food borne or contaminated food would not be a correct answer. If you believe it is a food borne outbreak you are to list what you think bacteria, virus or toxin was in the food or beverage. Use any reputable resource to answer this question.

Scenario
Investigation Update – Day 2
• At 7:00 AM on day two you receive a call from Nurse Jean. She is emotionally upset as she tells you one of the ill residents died last night. Other than his recent GI illness he had no remarkable health conditions. His death is a surprise to the facility staff and residents. They are concerned that the GI illness is more serious than expected.
• Zero new complaints of GI illness were reported to the facility infirmary after noon yesterday.
• You notify the outbreak investigation team and the public health director about the possible association with the resident’s death and the GI illnesses.
• The public health director plans to meet with the facility director to establish a communication plan for the expected media attention.
• The state medical examiner has agreed to conduct an expedited autopsy to determine the cause of death.
• No laboratory results on the stool specimens have been reported and the laboratory’s chief public health scientist wants to you describe the outbreak, provide a hypothesis for the cause of the outbreak, and to share your case definition. This will help her to decide what lab tests to perform.

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