ECOLOGY

 

1. Differentiate between the terms “weather” and “climate”.

2. Contrast the major terrestrial biomes of the earth as to temperature range, rainfall, soil, geographic location, flora and fauna, and human impact.

3. Using terrestrial biomes, identify ecological equivalents on each of four trophic levels.

4. Explain the importance of biodiversity to the functioning of ecosystems.

5. Distinguish between Functional Diversity, Ecological Diversity, Genetic Diversity, and Species Diversity.

6. Explain how evolution gives rise to biodiversity.

7. Define niche, habitat, native species, non-native species, indicator species and keystone species.

8. Differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific relationships

9. Define the types of interspecific interactions including an example of each.

10. Describe some ways that some prey animals have evolved to avoid predators.

11.  Explain Gause’s Principle; the principle of competitive exclusion.

12.  Analyze alternatives by which competition between two species for the same resources may be resolved.

13. Define the factors that influence population size.

14. Construct a J-shaped growth curve, explaining what happens at each of the significant points on the curve.

15. Construct an S-shaped growth curve, explaining what happens at each of the significant points on the curve.

16. Discuss the role migration plays in regulation of population size, using lemmings as an example.

17. Explain the role of predators in an ecosystem citing beneficial and harmful effects to the ecosystem.

18. Describe the different stages in primary ecological succession.

19. Describe the different stages in secondary ecological succession.

20. Explain ways in which human activity has affected ecological succession.

23. Define:
biotic potential
coevolution    Estuary
Limiting factor
carrying capacity    pioneer stage
climax community    Scavenger
ecological equivalent
ecological succession    Stratification
symbiosis
environmental resistance    territoriality
epiphyte    tolerance range

24. Contrast:
Annual and perennial
Arctic and Alpine tundra
Climate and weather
Detritus feeder and decomposer
Ectoparasite and endoparasite
Evergreen, deciduous, and succulent
Native and Nonnative
indicator and keystone species
habitat and niche
immigration, emigration, and migration
interspecific and intraspecific competition
J-shaped (exponential) and S-shaped (sigmoid) growth curves
latitude and altitude
primary and secondary succession
specialist and generalist species
territory and home range
parasite and host
predator and prey

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