ESSAY RESPONSE – 10 OR 15 possible points for each question (denoted after each question). Please provide a very thorough, clear and descriptive response for each question including examples to illustrate critical thinking as well as your understanding of the concepts (except the first question). Response should be in complete sentences (in paragraph form & no bullet points) and at least 10 sentences long but likely you may write more. Please read each question thoroughly before responding.
1) Discuss the state court systems and the federal court systems. Include courts of limited jurisdiction, courts of general jurisdiction, model state court structure, district courts, federal appeals courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. Also, discuss the three pleas that can be entered by the defendant at arraignment. (Please note this question is comprised of two chapters – 10 points).

2) Discuss the goals of punishment and the eight sentencing goals and punishment (general & specific deterrence, incapacitation, etc). In your response include an explanation of sentencing models, including indeterminate sentences, determinate sentences, sentencing guidelines, mandatory sentencing, and truth-in-sentencing. Include at least 2 examples in your response, 1 example relating to goals of punishment and 1 example relating to sentencing models. (15 points).

3) Discuss the concept of probation. Define probation, discuss conditions, and discuss the legal rights of probationers (make sure to discuss the important cases involved mentioned in the textbook). Include 1 example to illustrate your understanding of probation. (10 points)

4) Discuss the creation of a correctional facility. In your response, fully define and explain both the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System, including all necessary key terms. Then, discuss the prison terms related to the prison industry and describe the prison reform efforts. Instead of an example, name the individual who advocated for individualized treatment during the reform. (10 points)

5) Fully discuss prisoners’ rights. Include all necessary terms for each component and include an explanation of substantive rights and each section discussed involving substantive rights (there are 8 sections under substantive rights in the text). In your response, also explain the concept of overcrowding and how that relates to prisoners’ rights. Provide one case discussed in your textbook that relates to prisoners’ rights. (15 points).

6) In the juvenile court process, discuss and explain the waiver of jurisdiction. Include all necessary and major concepts (waiver, transfer hearing, legal controls, and effect of waiver) and discuss the argument of whether or not young people should be transferred to adult court (include discussions on the death penalty & life in prison for juveniles). For examples, discuss the 3 risks juveniles face when transferred to adult corrections. (15 points).

7) Explain and define cybercrime. Include a definition of cybertheft, cybervandalism, cyberstalking, cyberbullying, and cyberwarfare in your explanation. Provide one example in your response. (10 points)