Answer the following questions.

In 2-3 paragraphs, answer/explain each question below.

1. Explain the concepts of “positive reinforcement” and “negative reinforcement”? What is the difference between them and what do they have in common?

2. In the phrase S-→(X)→R, describe at least two possible interpretations of what (X) could represent.

3. Describe the principles of (a) acquisition; (b) extinction; and (c) spontaneous recovery.

4. What is the difference between Delay Conditioning and Trace Conditioning? Which method produces more effective conditioning?

5. Explain Thorndike’s principles of
a) Law of Exercise
b) Law of Effect
c) Law of Readiness