briefing paper #2
Order Description
required readings:(make sure you reference the readings of the topic or organised criminal group you focus on. I would like you to focus on maritime piracy in Somalia.
Week 8: Terrorism IV: Terrorist Groups as Physical Networks
Discussion: What are the implications of geography and logistics for terrorist groups’ operations?
1. Justin V. Hastings, “Geography, Globalization, and Terrorism: The Plots of Jemaah Islamiyah,” Security Studies, vol. 17, no. 3 (2008), pp. 505 – 530.
2. Bryan Price, Dan Milton, Muhammad al-`Ubaydi, Nelly Lahoud, ‘The Group That Calls Itself a State: Understanding the Evolution and Challenges of the Islamic State’, 16 December, 2014, West Point: Combating Terrorism Center, https://www.ctc.usma.edu/v2/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/CTC-The-Group-That-Calls-Itself-A-State-December20141.pdf, pp. 36 – 76.

Week 9: Maritime piracy
Discussion: What are the implications of seeing maritime piracy as a business?
1. Justin V. Hastings, ‘Understanding Maritime Piracy Syndicate Operations’, Security Studies, 21, no. 4 (2012), pp. 683 – 721.
2. Sarah Percy and Anja Shortland, ‘The Business of Piracy in Somalia’, Journal of Strategic Studies 36, no. 4 (2013), pp. 541 – 578.

Week 10: Drug Trafficking
Discussion: What are the implications of seeing drug trafficking as a business?
1. Michael Kenney, ‘The Architecture of Drug Trafficking: Network Forms of Organisation in the Colombian Cocaine Trade’, Global Crime, 8, no. 3 (2007), pp. 233 – 259.
2. Justin V. Hastings, ‘The Economic Geography of North Korean Drug Trafficking Networks’, Review of International Political Economy, 22, no. 1 (2015), pp. 162 – 193.

Week 11: Mafias
Discussion: What services do mafias provide to their ‘beneficiaries’?
1. Peter Andreas, Blacks Markets and Blue Helmets: The Business of Survival in the Siege of Sarajevo (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008), Chapter 3.
2. Letizia Paoli, ‘The paradoxes of organized crime’, Crime, Law, and Social Change, 37 no. 1 (2001), pp. 51 – 97.

Week 12: Nuclear Trafficking
Discussion: What is the point of trafficking in nuclear materials and components? How do they differ from other trafficking networks?
1. Justin V. Hastings, ‘The Geography of Nuclear Proliferation Networks: The Case of AQ Khan’, Nonproliferation Review, 19, no. 3 (2012), pp. 429 – 450.
2. Alexander Kupatadze, ‘Organized Crime and the Trafficking of Radiological Materials: The Case of Georgia’, Nonproliferation Review, 17, no. 2 (2010), pp. 219 – 234.
Week 13: Illicit financing
Discussion: What exactly is ‘illicit’ about illicit financing?
1. Jason Sharman, The Money Laundry: Regulating Criminal Finance in the Global Economy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011), Chapter 2.
2. R. T. Naylor, Wages of Crime: Black Markets, Illegal Finance, and the Underworld Economy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004), Chapter 6.

Briefing Paper #2 must assess a single type of organized crime group (or, if you like, a specific organized crime group). For types of organized crime, it may be useful to focus on a specific country (or even city) (ie. mafias in Jakarta, or maritime piracy in Somalia). The assessment should include the following:

1. Background a. Where did this group come from? What aspects of its history are relevant to the assessment? b. What does the group want? What are its goals? 2. Threat assessment a. What threat does the terrorist group pose (if any)? Who or what does it threaten? b. What does the group’s structure look like? How does the group operate? How does it attempt to survive and engage in attacks? 3. Theoretical application a. What theoretical tools/readings can we bring to bear to understand the group’s origins, behavior, goals? 4. Implications a. What steps, if any, are being taken to mitigate the threat posed by the group? b. How do the theoretical tools/readings inform counter-group policy?YOU SHOULD CHARACTERISE CRIMINAL GROUP AS EITHER NETWORK, hYBRID OR HYRACHY AND PROVIDE AN EXPLANATION OF THIS TYPE OF STRUCTURE. YOU THEN NEED TO ANALYSE THE CRIMINAL GROUP USING THIS FRAMEWORK. PARTICULARLY THE THREAT THAT IT POSES AND THE POLICY RESPONSES IN RELATION TO THIS THREAT. IF THE CRMINAL GROUP IS TRANSNATIONAL, DEFINE EXACTLY WHO IT POSES A THREAT TO AND WHAT THIS STATE’SPOLICY RESPONSES ARE. With 1750 words you do not have a lot of space. As such, the emphasis should be on your analytical insights, not the mass amounts of research you can do. When writing your threat assessment you need to consider thoroughly exactly who or what a terrorist group threatens. For example, does the group pose a threat to the state (i.e. state destruction, regime overthrow, secession claims), its foreign policy objectives or to the safety and security of its citizens? Similarly, in the Implications section, you need to avoid suppositions and conjecture. Your assessment should concentrate solely on what is being done by governments/agencies/international organisations to mitigate the threat posed by the relevant group. You assessments MUST be double-spaced and in 12pt font. When you cite sources, you should use either Harvard-style in-text citations or Chicago-style footnotes with a bibliography. Merely putting down a URL is unacceptable as a method of citation. Wikipedia is NOT acceptable as a source. Your citations and bibliography MUST be properly formatted depending upon which style you use. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA This unit uses standards-based assessment for award of assessment marks. Your assessments will be evaluated solely on the basis of your individual performance

p.s use the harvard referencing guide i have provided below to the letter. I have been having marks taken out from how you guys reference